Articles: pain.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Dec 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSore throat pain in the evaluation of mild analgesics.
A double-blind, single-dose parallel study was conducted to assess refinements of a previously tested model for evaluating treatment of sore throat pain. Patients with tonsillopharyngitis randomly received either 400 mg ibuprofen (n = 39), 1000 mg acetaminophen (n = 40), or placebo (n = 41). At hourly intervals for 6 hours the patients reported pain intensity and pain relief on conventional scales and two sensory qualities of throat pain ("swollen throat" and "difficulty swallowing") on two new visual analog scales. ⋯ Ibuprofen, 400 mg, was more effective than acetaminophen, 1000 mg, on all rating scales, conventional and new, at all time points after 2 hours and overall (p less than 0.01). There were no side effects. We conclude that sore throat is a pain model that can be used to discriminate between active medication and placebo, as well as between two effective over-the-counter analgesics.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Dec 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe combination of ibuprofen and oxycodone/acetaminophen in the management of chronic cancer pain.
Thirty subjects with chronic moderate to severe pain who were receiving oxycodone/acetaminophen (oxy/APAP) for analgesia were initially evaluated for at least 7 days for oxy/APAP requirements for pain control. Each subject then received, in a randomized double-blind fashion, either 600 mg ibuprofen or placebo for an additional 7 days while hospitalized. Oxy/APAP usage was recorded daily along with efficacy and toxicity parameters. ⋯ Overall global scores showed a marked preference for the ibuprofen combination over placebo (p less than 0.01). Daily pain intensity (p less than 0.05) and pain relief scores (p less than 0.05) also improved with the addition of ibuprofen. This study indicates that ibuprofen is efficacious in the management of chronic cancer pain, resulting in both enhanced analgesia and a reduction in concomitant narcotic use.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Continuous blockade of the lumbar plexus after knee surgery--postoperative analgesia and bupivacaine plasma concentrations. A controlled clinical trial.
In a double blind, randomised, controlled investigation the analgesic effect of a continuous block of the lumbar plexus with bupivacaine compared with sodium chloride was examined in 20 patients with postoperative pain after knee-joint surgery. The infusion was given through a catheter inserted in the neurovascular fascial sheath of the femoral nerve, according to the three-in-one block technique. The patients treated with bupivacaine had significantly lower pain scores and a significantly lower demand for morphine. Side effects related to the catheters or the infusions of bupivacaine were not observed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Ilioinguinal nerve blockade for analgesia after caesarean section.
Bilateral ilioinguinal nerve blockade was performed, using 0.5% plain bupivacaine 10 ml to each side, in 13 patients having elective Caesarean section under general anaesthesia. Pain scores and requirement for postoperative analgesia were compared with 13 patients in a control group. ⋯ In the control group, patients required more analgesia in the first 24 h after surgery compared with patients having ilioinguinal nerve blockade. There were no observed adverse effects following nerve blocks.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Complaints in the postoperative phase related to anesthetics].
In two prospective, randomized studies the frequency of headache, nausea, vomiting, and analgesic requirement during the first postoperative 24 h was observed in order to study differences between the sexes and the inhalation anesthetics halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, or balanced anesthesia with enflurane/alfentanil. Nausea and vomiting were more frequent after enflurane than after halothane or isoflurane. There was no significant difference between anesthetics and frequency of headache, but there were significant differences in postoperative analgesic requirements which were highest after halothane and lowest after isoflurane. ⋯ The second study indicated that balanced anesthesia did not reduce the analgesic requirement compared to enflurane without alfentanil, but lead to a higher incidence of vomiting. After premedication with flunitrazepam and atropine and combined with 70% N2O/30% O2, isoflurane was the most favorable anesthetic agent with regard to the parameters studied. Balanced anesthesia with enflurane/alfentanil did not show any advantages for patients in the postoperative phase under the given conditions.