Articles: pain.
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Two hundred and eleven children aged 1-5 years were studied after undergoing herniorrhaphy or orchiopexy. In 111 cases a caudal block was used for postoperative analgesia. This was administered immediately after induction of anaesthesia, using bupivacaine 0.25% plain (0.7 ml/kg lean body mass), and was successful in 100 patients. ⋯ The other 100 children acted as controls. Behaviour patterns were more restful in the caudal block group on awakening and less opiate was required during the first 5 postoperative hours. No complications resulted.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
EMLA cream reduces the pain of venepuncture in children.
EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics) was tested in a double-blind clinical trial to examine its effect on the pain of venepuncture at induction of anaesthesia in 40 children (aged 3-13 yrs). Four pain-assessment methods were used and an assessment of the technical ease of venepuncture was made. EMLA was found to reduce significantly the pain and technical difficulty of venepuncture. This study confirms that EMLA is an effective method of reducing the pain and technical difficulty of paediatric venepuncture using 25-gauge needles for induction of anaesthesia in children.
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This study reports the experience of a department of paediatric anaesthesia with 234 continuous extradural anaesthetics performed in 229 children over a 15-month period. Fifty-nine of the children were aged 0-2 yr, 71 were aged 2-8 yr and 104 were older than 8 yr. The surgical procedures lasted more than 60 min (mean 150 +/- 10.6 min); all were carried out under light general anaesthesia. ⋯ After extradural anaesthesia with 0.25% bupivacaine with adrenaline 1:200000, minimal changes in HR or SAP occurred in children younger than 8 yr; in those older than 8 yr a significant decrease in both HR and SAP was observed. Changes in SAP were at their maximum 25 min after the extradural block and changes in HR were not statistically significant before the 25th min following injection of local anaesthetic. The catheter remained in place in 155 children for postoperative analgesia, mainly for the first 48 h.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1987
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialNo increased incidence of postoperative sore throat after administration of suxamethonium in endotracheal anaesthesia.
Sixty patients were divided into two groups (A and B) of 30 patients each to investigate the effect of using suxamethonium in endotracheal anaesthesia on the incidence of postoperative sore throat. The patients were anaesthetized with thiopentone, fentanyl, droperidol, N2O and pancuronium. ⋯ The type 2 error (beta) was low (the risk of overlooking a "true" difference in incidence of 0.20 was calculated to be 0.04). These results contradict those of a recent study, which demonstrated an increased incidence of postoperative sore throat following the use of suxamethonium in mask anaesthesia.