Articles: ninos.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Feb 2021
Review Meta AnalysisChloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in substantial mortality. Some specialists proposed chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treating or preventing the disease. The efficacy and safety of these drugs have been assessed in randomized controlled trials. ⋯ HCQ for people infected with COVID-19 has little or no effect on the risk of death and probably no effect on progression to mechanical ventilation. Adverse events are tripled compared to placebo, but very few serious adverse events were found. No further trials of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for treatment should be carried out. These results make it less likely that the drug is effective in protecting people from infection, although this is not excluded entirely. It is probably sensible to complete trials examining prevention of infection, and ensure these are carried out to a high standard to provide unambiguous results.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Feb 2021
Meta AnalysisEfficacy of Standardised Treatments Combined with Ubenimex in Patients with Malignant Tumors.
Ubenimex is widely used as an immunomodulator in the treatment of leukemia and non-small cell lung cancer to improve the anti-tumor treatment effect. However, there has not been any multicenter randomised controlled trials to study its impact on the prognosis of cancer patients. The authors aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to initially study these issues. ⋯ Between the ubenimex group and the control group, the 1-year OR was 1.40 (95% CI = 1.06 to 1.85), the 2-year OR was 1.43 (95% CI = 1.08 to 1.89) and the 3-year OR was 1.39 (95% CI = 1.07 to 1.81). Standardised treatments combined with ubenimex may improve the survival rate of patients with malignant tumors. Key Words: Malignant tumors, Ubenimex, Randomised controlled trials, Meta-analysis.
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Meta Analysis
Melatonin and the cardiovascular system in animals: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Melatonin, a hormone released by the pineal gland, demonstrates several effects on the cardiovascular system. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the effects of melatonin in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA recommendations and reviewed MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. ⋯ In the meta-analysis, we observed a statistically significant decrease in infarct size (mean difference [MD], -20.37 [-23.56, -17.18]), no statistical difference in systolic pressure (MD, -1.75 [-5.47, 1.97]), a statistically significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase in animals in the melatonin group (MD, -4.61 [-6.83, -2.40]), and a statistically significant improvement in the cardiac ejection fraction (MD, -8.12 [-9.56, -6.69]). On analyzing potential bias, we observed that most studies presented a low risk of bias; two parameters were not included in the analysis, and one parameter had a high risk of bias. Melatonin exerts several effects on the cardiovascular system and could be a useful therapeutic target to combat various cardiovascular diseases.
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Meta Analysis
Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A meta-analysis of different dosing regimens.
The appropriate dosing regimens of secukinumab for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are not well defined. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different dosing regimens of secukinumab in the treatment of PsA. A systematic search was conducted using major electronic databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing secukinumab 300 mg versus secukinumab 150 mg in patients with PsA. ⋯ At week 52, secukinumab 300 mg was associated with a higher psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) 75 and PASI 90 response rate than secukinumab 150 mg. There was no significant difference between secukinumab 300 mg and secukinumab 150 mg in the risk of any adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs at either week 24 or week 52. Secukinumab 300 mg was significantly more effective than 150 mg, especially for patients with PsA who have failed TNF therapy, and it was well tolerated.
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We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab (MEP) in the management of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). A systematic search was performed, and articles published until March 2021 were analyzed. The primary efficacy results evaluated were hospitalization rate related to HES, morbidity (new or worsening), relapses/failure, treatment-related adverse effects, prednisone dosage ≤10 mg/day for ≥8 weeks, and eosinophil count <600/μL for ≥8 weeks. ⋯ For the outcomes, prednisone dosage ≤10 mg/day for ≥8 weeks was 48% (RD=0.48; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.62; p<0.00001), and the eosinophil count <600/μL for ≥8 weeks was 51% (RD=0.51; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.63; p<0.00001), both showed a reduction with MEP 300 mg/IV and 750 mg/IV. No statistically significant differences in treatment-related adverse effects outcomes were observed for either dosage (RD=0.09; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.24; p=0.20; RD=0.09; 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.29; p=0.39). Despite the positive effects observed for the studied outcomes, the exact significance remains unclear.