Articles: amines.
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This review aims to examine recent advances in the understanding of injury-induced endotheliopathy and therapeutics to mitigate its development in critically injured patients. ⋯ Injury-induced endotheliopathy represents an important pathologic response to trauma. Key biomarkers, such as syndecan-1, can aid in the diagnosis, but testing is not yet available clinically. As the mechanisms of endotheliopathy are better understood, therapeutics are being identified and show promise. To date, plasma has been the most widely studied; however, like all therapeutics for injury-induced endotheliopathy, it has primarily been studied in the preclinical setting.
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In this Review, we examine the concurrent outbreaks of mpox in Africa, focusing on clade 1a, the newly emerged clade 1b, and clade 2b lineage A, and how they differ from the 2022 global outbreak caused by clade 2b lineage B.1. Historically, clades 1a and 2a have caused sporadic, small outbreaks in central and west Africa, respectively, primarily through zoonotic transmission. Clade 2b first caused an outbreak in Nigeria in 2017, and later spread globally via sexual contact in 2022. ⋯ Tecovirimat, the primary antiviral during the 2022 outbreak, has shown reduced effectiveness against clade 1a in preliminary study results, whereas its efficacy against other clades is still under investigation. The modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine has been shown to be up to 90% effective against clade 2b after two doses and is safe for children, although its effectiveness drops to 20% when used as post-exposure prophylaxis. Given the evolving nature of the monkeypox virus, ongoing research and strong public health responses are key to managing potential future outbreaks.
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Cocaine abstinence and withdrawal are linked to relapse and heightened anxiety. While L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) have been associated with cocaine use disorders in humans and drug-seeking in rodents, their role in mood-related symptoms during cocaine abstinence remains unclear. We addressed this by investigating the ability of LTCC blockade with isradipine to alter the mood-related behavioral phenotypes induced by cocaine abstinence. ⋯ In contrast 1.2 mg/kg, i.p. isradipine decreased immobility time in both cocaine and saline abstinent female and male rats. In summary, isradipine administration reversed the anxiogenic and increased the FST immobility time associated with cocaine abstinence in a dose and sex-dependent manner. The data underscore the importance of further investigation of LTCC mechanisms and their therapeutic potential for mood disorders associated with cocaine use disorder.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Jan 2025
Hospitalizations of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Polish intensive care units or cardiac intensive care units in 2011-2021: population study.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with significant comorbidities, including cardiovascular and respiratory complications, leading to increased hospitalization rates in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and Cardiac Intensive Care Units (CICUs). This study examines factors related to ICU/CICU admissions among Polish RA patients from 2011 to 2021. ⋯ The findings emphasize the need for early intervention and comprehensive management strategies to mitigate severe RA complications. Future research should explore long-term outcomes and the impact of RA treatments on ICU/CICU care.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2025
Randomized Controlled TrialThe Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine, Ketamine, and Lidocaine-Ketamine Combination in Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Colorectal resections are associated with a pronounced inflammatory response, severe postoperative pain, and postoperative ileus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main effects of lidocaine and ketamine, and their interaction in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after open surgery. The interaction could be additive if the effect of 2 drugs given in combination equals the sum of their individual effects, or multiplicative if their combined effect exceeds the sum of their individual effects. We hypothesized that the combination of lidocaine and ketamine might reduce the inflammatory response additively or synergistically. ⋯ Our study results do not support the use of an intraoperative combination of lidocaine and ketamine in patients undergoing open surgery for CRC.