Articles: anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Intramuscular dexmedetomidine as premedication for general anesthesia. A comparative multicenter study.
Dexmedetomidine is a new potent and selective alpha 2-agonist that might prove useful as a preanesthetic agent. ⋯ The results suggest that pretreatment with a single intramuscular injection of 2.5 micrograms/kg dexmedetomidine is efficacious, but significantly increases the incidence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia in ASA physical status 1 or 2 patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Randomized evaluation of pulse oximetry in 20,802 patients: I. Design, demography, pulse oximetry failure rate, and overall complication rate.
Although pulse oximetry is currently in widespread use, there are few data documenting improvement in patient outcome as a result of the use of oximetry. The authors describe the study design, patient demographic findings, data validation, pulse oximetry failure rate, and overall postoperative complication rates in the first large prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial on perioperative pulse oximetry monitoring. ⋯ Despite the finding of a few significant inter-group differences, the randomization was well balanced with a high validity of data. The overall postoperative complication rate was similar to that in other recent morbidity and mortality studies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Randomized evaluation of pulse oximetry in 20,802 patients: II. Perioperative events and postoperative complications.
The authors describe the effect of pulse oximetry monitoring on the frequency of unanticipated perioperative events, changes in patient care, and the rate of postoperative complications in a prospective randomized study. ⋯ This study demonstrated that pulse oximetry can improve the anesthesiologist's ability to detect hypoxemia and related events in the OR and PACU and that the use of the oximeter was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of myocardial ischemia. Although monitoring with pulse oximetry prompted a number of changes in patient care, a reduction in the overall rate of postoperative complications was not observed.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Evaluation of diprivan as an intravenous anaesthetic induction agent: experiences in Nairobi, Kenya.
Diprivan in its emulsion formulation as an intravenous induction agent was studied in 125 patients undergoing general anaesthesia for short duration, minor procedures, at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. The drug was found to be effective as it caused loss of consciousness in all the studied patients within 40 seconds when injected intravenously. The induction period was associated with pain at injection site in 31.2%, some muscle movements in 15.2% and hiccups in 8.8% of all the cases. There was a significant fall in mean arterial blood pressure in all the cases at two minutes after induction of anaesthesia with no observed concomitant changes in pulse rate.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study examining the effectiveness of intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and emesis.
To compare the efficacy and safety profiles of ondansetron and a placebo when infused immediately prior to anesthesia induction for the prevention of postoperative nausea and emesis (vomiting or retching). ⋯ Ondansetron, infused IV before anesthesia induction, appears to be safe and effective when used in the prevention of postoperative nausea and emesis.