Articles: anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of fentanyl and halothane supplementation to general anaesthesia on the stress response to upper abdominal surgery.
The stress response to surgery and anaesthesia was studied in 20 patients undergoing cholecystectomy or vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Patients were anaesthetized with thiopentone and nitrous oxide; 10 patients received supplements of 0.5-1.5% halothane and the others fentanyl (mean 17 micrograms kg-1). ⋯ The hyperglycaemic response in the halothane group was greater than in the fentanyl group. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations increased in the group receiving halothane, but did not increase significantly in the group receiving fentanyl.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Bupivacaine and prilocaine in intravenous regional anaesthesia.
Six volunteers underwent intravenous regional anaesthesia of the non-dominant arm on four occasions using two equipotent doses of bupivacaine and prilocaine, administered in a randomised double-blind sequence. Equipotent doses produced similar degrees of motor and sensory blockade. Bupivacaine produced more rapid motor power loss and delayed motor recovery (p less than 0.01). ⋯ Increase of dose with both drugs gave more rapid and complete sensory and motor blockade and delayed recovery (p less than 0.05). This was, however, associated with more marked toxicity. It is suggested that in intravenous regional anaesthesia there are no clinical differences between the drugs in equipotent solutions, and that the lower concentrations are the appropriate ones for standard use.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Feb 1984
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialVasoconstrictors in spinal anesthesia with tetracaine--a comparison of epinephrine and phenylephrine.
A randomized double-blind study was conducted in 50 orthopedic patients to determine the effect of epinephrine and phenylephrine on the anesthetic properties of intrathecally administered tetracaine. Two doses of each vasoconstrictor agent were studied: 0.2 mg of epinephrine, 0.3 mg of epinephrine, 1 mg of phenylephrine, and 2 mg of phenylephrine. The results show that both vasoconstrictor agents in the doses used significantly prolong duration of sensory anesthesia and motor blockade produced by the subarachnoid administration of tetracaine. At equipotent doses no differences existed between the ability of epinephrine and phenylephrine to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia produced by tetracaine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Venous sequelae following the injection of etomidate or thiopentone i.v.
The frequency of local venous reactions after the injection i.v. of etomidate or thiopentone was studied in 61 patients undergoing surgery for prolapsed lumbar disc. Of the patients who received etomidate, 24% developed thrombophlebitis in the period after operation (up to 14 days). Of the patients who received thiopentone, 4% developed thrombophlebitis in the period after operation. Pain on injection occurred in 24% of the patients receiving etomidate, but there was no correlation between pain on injection and the subsequent thrombophlebitis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Subarachnoid anaesthesia: comparison of hyperbaric solutions of bupivacaine and amethocaine.
Hyperbaric solutions of 0.5% bupivacaine and 0.5% amethocaine (2 and 3 ml) were compared in a double-blind study of 40 patients receiving subarachnoid anaesthesia for urological surgery. The drugs produced similar and satisfactory analgesia in the tested concentrations and volumes. Motor blockade was more profound and longer lasting with amethocaine.