Articles: anesthetics.
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Anaesthetic techniques for malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) patients should include drugs which do not trigger MH and provide stress free conditions. Thus all new drugs should be screened for their susceptibility to trigger MH. ⋯ However, the same animals developed MH when exposed to halothane alone or with suxamethonium. Despite the problems of extrapolating from this study to man, it is unlikely that propofol may trigger an episode of MH.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 1989
Comparative StudyComparison of bupivacaine- and ropivacaine-induced conduction blockade in the isolated rabbit vagus nerve.
Ropivacaine (LEA-103) is a new amino-amide local anesthetic agent the chemical structure and anesthetic properties of which are similar to bupivacaine. Preliminary studies in animals indicate that the CNS toxicities of ropivacaine and bupivacaine are similar, but that ropivacaine may have less arrhythmogenic effects than bupivacaine. The current study arrhythmogenic effects than bupivacaine. ⋯ Thus, at the concentrations tested, ropivacaine appears to produce relatively less blockade of motor fibers than does bupivacaine but with similar sensory blockade. The onset of this difference became significant as early as five minutes after the drug exposure was begun. No significant differences in recovery times were observed.
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Twenty-nine patients (age range 14-81 yr) undergoing orthopaedic surgery received alfentanil 100 micrograms kg-1 given as two i.v. boluses followed by a fixed rate infusion of 1 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 44-445 min. Additional 1-mg bolus doses of alfentanil were administered as required. Plasma samples were assayed for alfentanil using radioimmunoassay. ⋯ For patients older than 40 yr, T 1/2 beta increased linearly with age. There was no significant decrease in Cl with age, although the lower values for Cl (100-200 ml min-1) were generally found in subjects older than 60 yr. The present study demonstrated that a 100-micrograms kg-1 loading dose and a 1-micrograms kg-1 min-1 infusion may be appropriate for analgesia in general surgical procedures.