Articles: anesthetics.
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Ci 744 (20 mg/kg, given intramuscularly (IM) produced a reliable level of surgical anesthesia in both dogs and cats. Animals anesthetized in this way did not have an increased sensitivity to cardiac fibrillation after they were given epinephrine. Epinephrine-induced ventricular arrhythmia observed in C1 744-anesthetized animals was eliminated in cats and was markedly reduced in dogs by bilateral vagotomy. ⋯ Pentobarbital anesthesia, like C1 744 anesthesia, did not sensitize the heart, whereas a significant number of thiamylal-halothane-anesthetized animals died from cardiac fibrillation after they had been given epinephrine. Additional dogs were anesthetized with C1 744 or pentobarbital and given a series of pressor and depressor agents (isoproterenol, epinephrine, tyramine, 1, 1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazium iodide (DMPP) plus bilateral carotid occlusion) before and after vagotomy. The responses with either anesthetic were similar with the exception that the reflex bradycardia to pressor agents was more evident in C1 744- than in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs.
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Comparative Study
An investigation in man into the relative potency of lignocaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine.
The relative potency of lignocaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine was estimated by forearm skin weals in four volunteers. Potency was estimated as the time to half-recovery of a sharp sensation in response to a needle-prick. ⋯ At the same concentrations, bupivacaine had a longer duration of action than etidocaine. However, etidocaine 1% had a longer duration of action than bupivacaine 0.5%.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1975
Minimizing emergence phenomena: subdissociative dosage of ketamine in balanced surgical anesthesia.
Three hundred twelve patients, ranging in age from 14 to 89 years and undergoing various major and minor surgical procedures, were anesthetized by oxygen, nitrous oxide, and ketamine in sequence. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental (5.8 mg./kg.). The first 212 patients received an initial dose of ketamine of 1.6 mg./kg. lean body mass; 100 other patients, an initial (subdissociative) dose of ketamine of 0.4 mg./kg. body weight. ⋯ Postoperative subjective reactions were limited to slight confusion on emergence, with some disorientation to time, and occurred in 10 patients (5 percent) in the first group and 4 (4 percent) in the latter group. No psychotomimetic reactions were noted in either group. The latter group unanimously found the anesthetic technic acceptable for future use.
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Comparative Study
Operating room air pollution: influence of anaesthetic circuit, vapour concentration, gas flow and ventilation.
Atmospheric halothane was sampled from three selected operating theatres and anaesthetic rooms during the middle of operating sessions. Two of the operating theatres studied were ventilated with total air exchange once every six minutes; the third operating theatre had no ventilation. End-tidal samples were obtained from anaesthetists. ⋯ A significant reduction in operating-room pollution was obtained by use of simple scavenging equipment. Scavenging of anaesthetic vapours outside the operating room led to 97.3 per cent reduction of overall mean concentration of halothane in the operating room atmosphere and reduction of 72 per cent in end-tidal samples of anaesthetists, with the Magill semiclosed circuit. The implications of these findings are discussed.