Articles: mortality.
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Am J Forensic Med Pathol · Dec 2003
Deaths among criminal suspects, law enforcement officers, civilians, and prison inmates: a coroner-based study.
During the interaction between a criminal suspect and a law enforcement officer, the risk of death to the suspect, police, or civilians is increased. Unfortunately, very little information is available on the death risks arising from this interaction. This study provides an assessment of the risk of death to law enforcement officers, suspects, and bystanders by separating the interactions into the following 4 phases: (1) events prior to and during arrest; (2) police pursuits or chases; (3) transport of the suspects; and (4) during incarceration. ⋯ The majority of cases (98.7%) were males, blacks (63.6%), and single (50.6%). The respective risks of death by phase were prearrest/arrest, 6.5 per 100,000 arrests; transport, 0.93 deaths per 100,000 arrests; and incarceration, 268 deaths per 100,000 inmates. Study showed the following: (1) risk of death to offenders was greatest during police pursuits; (2) the risks during arrests are not insignificant and involved an officer being threatened with a weapon in one-third of the events; and (3) deaths among inmates were primarily due to natural causes.
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J Health Popul Nutr · Dec 2003
Comparative StudyImpact of coffee and other selected factors on general mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in Croatia.
In Croatia, the mortality rate is higher than that in the countries of the European Union (EU), and consumption of coffee is moderate compared to the EU countries. The study examined the effects of coffee consumption on all-cause (general) mortality, mortality due to cardiovascular disease, and survival. Analyses were based on data obtained from an epidemiological longitudinal study started in 1969 with follow-ups in 1972, including 1,571 men and 1,793 women aged 35-59 years, and in 1982, including 1,093 men and 1,330 women. ⋯ Women who regularly drank coffee 1-2 cup(s) per day had a significantly lower risk of all-cause death adjusted for age, region, smoking, diastolic blood pressure, feeling of well-being, and history of stomach ulcer (relative risk = 0.631; p = 0.0033; confidence interval: 0.464-0.857). The role of coffee consumption on mortality was less relevant than other variables. However, it cannot be completely neglected in women.
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Annals of Saudi medicine · Nov 2003
Regional experience with newborn screening for sickle cell disease, other hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency.
Newborn screening for sickle cell disease, other hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency is one of the most important means of decreasing mortality and morbidity in high prevalence areas. Nine years experience in newborn screening in Qatif Central Hospital are summarized. ⋯ Prevention and early identification of sickle cell disease, other major hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency remains the cornerstone of management of these diseases. The main barriers to successful neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies are the level of the education and deficiency in manpower. We recommend including newborn screening for hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency in the national hypothyroidism screening program in the eastern province and the establishment of a special center for hemoglobinopathies with a high standard of medical care in Qatif.
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Multicenter Study
Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries.
During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what its quantitative contribution was, and to what extent other causes of death have contributed to the widening gap in total mortality. ⋯ Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Western Europe critically depends upon speeding up mortality declines from cardiovascular diseases in lower socioeconomic groups, and countering mortality increases from several other causes of death in lower socioeconomic groups.
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This review will attempt to summarize recent clinical data on glutamine's use. It will present the concept of glutamine as a "drug" or "nutraceutical," given in addition to standard nutrition support. Key references will be discussed, and clinical recommendations with regard to patients who may benefit and dosing are also provided. ⋯ High-dose or parenteral (> 0.25 to 0.30 g/kg/day IV or >or=30 g/day enterally) glutamine appears to demonstrate the greatest potential for benefit in hospitalized patients. No evidence of harm has been observed in studies conducted to date; thus, further clinical trials using glutamine as a pharmacologic supplement to standard nutrition are warranted.