Articles: mortality.
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Forecasts of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality are presented for the decade 1990-99. An estimated 88 million new cases of tuberculosis, of which 8 million will be attributable to HIV infection, will occur in the world during the decade; 30 million people are predicted to die of tuberculosis in the same period, including 2.9 million attributable to HIV infection. The number of new tuberculosis cases occurring each year is predicted to increase from 7.5 million (143 cases per 100,000) in 1990 to 8.8 million (152 per 100,000) in 1995 and 10.2 million (163 per 100,000) in the year 2000. ⋯ Demographic factors, such as population growth and changes in the age structure of populations, will account for 79.5% of the predicted increases in new cases. Age-specific incidence rates in sub-Saharan Africa are increasing due to the HIV epidemic and will account for the remaining 20.5% of the forecast increase in new cases. In WHO's South-East Asian Region and in Central and South America the age-specific incidence rates are expected to fall during 1990-2000, but at a slower rate than in previous years because of the expected increase in HIV seroprevalence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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J Egypt Public Health Assoc · Jan 1994
An audit of caesarean section among Saudi females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
In this study the case records of 1414 patients who delivered at Alshaty hospital within one year were examined and some important variables related to caesarean section cases and their outcome were discussed. The caesarean section rate was found to be 9.9%. The high number of grand multigravida and primigravida among these Saudi mothers have contributed to this high caesarean section rate. ⋯ The main indications of caesarean section in this hospital were repeated caesarean section (34.3%), failure of progress (19.3%) and fetal distress 12.9%. The relation and interaction between the three groups were thoroughly discussed based on the mechanisms of these indications. It is concluded that the changing trend of indications of caesarean section was mostly related to the change in departmental management rather than change in the characteristics of the patients.
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Critical care medicine · Jan 1994
Pretransport Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score underestimates the requirement for intensive care or major interventions during interhospital transport.
To test the hypothesis that a pretransport Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score underestimates the requirement for both intensive care and interventions during pediatric interhospital transport. ⋯ PRISM scores determined before interhospital transfer of pediatric patients underestimated the requirement for intensive care and the performance of major interventions in the pretransport setting. Many patients with low PRISM scores required intensive care on admission to the receiving hospital and major interventions during the transport process, and, therefore, were not at "low risk" for clinical deterioration. The PRISM score should not be used as a severity of illness measure or triage tool for pediatric interhospital transport.
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The birthweight and mortality in hospital was recorded of 567 low birth weight (LBW, < or = 2000 g) infants born/admitted during a 7 years period in Agogo Hospital situated in the rainforest area of Ghana. One hundred and fifty-two (26.8%) of these children died in hospital; 87 (57%) of them in the first 48 hours. The average length of stay in hospital of the surviving children was 11.6 days. ⋯ In our setting, no sophisticated equipment and expensive intensive care provisions were available. This descriptive study was carried out to establish the survival rate in the neonatal period during the primary stay in hospital with low-cost conservative care. Dedicated staff members, who underwent only a simple training programme, and mothers participating in the care for their children contributed to the relatively favourable outcome.