Articles: mortality.
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Comparative Study
Mortality of former prisoners of war and other Australian veterans.
This second summary article from an epidemiological review of the health of former prisoners of war (POWs) and other Australian veterans, commissioned by the Sir Edward Dunlop Medical Research Foundation, reports on studies of mortality. ⋯ Elevated early postwar mortality of young former POWs implicates diseases with short latent periods (including psychiatric disorders). This is consistent with the greater health risks of this group of survivors that were identified in the earlier review of morbidity. Mortality among former POWs and other veterans requires continued surveillance because a "healthy worker effect" (or exclusion of unfit persons from the armed forces) may partly conceal increased morbidity or mortality that should be attributed to war service.
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To determine the causes of and risk factors for mortality following noncardiac surgery. ⋯ Even in patients at high risk of cardiac complications following surgery, noncardiac causes of death are more common. Patients with a history of hypertension, severely limited activity, and reduced renal function appear to be at especially high risk of in-hospital mortality after noncardiac surgery.
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To look at trends in mortality and homicide rates in a specific metropolitan area, comparing the urban and suburban mortality trends. ⋯ (1) There were significant differences in mortality between the urban and suburban pediatric populations. (2) The increase in homicides, specifically firearm homicides, in the urban population accounted for the increase in overall mortality rates. (3) The increase in homicide rates was significant only for the 10- to 14-year-old males and the 15- to 18-year-old male and female portions of the black urban population. (4) Firearm homicides have become epidemic in the black urban population we studied.
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A nation-wide perinatal census which included 22,815 deliveries was carried out. The cesarean section rate was 9.6% and the perinatal mortality rate was 13.5/1000. Using a logistic regression analysis the risk factors for cesarean section and for perinatal mortality were ranked. ⋯ From those with one previous cesarean section 55.1% delivered vaginally and 44.9% abdominally. The chance for vaginal delivery is higher (67.2%) providing the woman had delivered vaginally in the past. Comparison between primiparae and multiparae showed that preeclampsia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were all significantly more frequent among older parturients and among primiparae.