Articles: mortality.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2011
Review Meta AnalysisVitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.
The available evidence on vitamin D and mortality is inconclusive. ⋯ Vitamin D in the form of vitamin D(3) seems to decrease mortality in predominantly elderly women who are mainly in institutions and dependent care. Vitamin D(2), alfacalcidol, and calcitriol had no statistically significant effect on mortality. Vitamin D(3) combined with calcium significantly increased nephrolithiasis. Both alfacalcidol and calcitriol significantly increased hypercalcaemia.
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Review Meta Analysis
Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review.
The quality and quantity of individuals' social relationships has been linked not only to mental health but also to both morbidity and mortality. ⋯ The influence of social relationships on risk for mortality is comparable with well-established risk factors for mortality. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2010
Review Case Reports Historical Article150 years of treating severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of progress in mortality.
Considerable effort and resources have been devoted to preserving life in patients with severe closed traumatic brain injury (TBI). We sought to identify temporal trends in mortality rates of these patients from the late 1800s to the present. We searched the literature for articles on severe TBI, abstracting numbers of patients studied, numbers of deaths, and years of patient entry. ⋯ Both changes are significant. There was no observed improvement in mortality between 1930 and 1970, nor is progress evident since 1990. The authors discuss possible reasons for the apparently intermittent progress in TBI survival over time.
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Review Historical Article
Banishing death: the disappearance of the appreciation of mortality.
The experience of death and dying is very different in the 21st century than it was in the 19th. A number of societal changes in the latter part of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries served to remove contact with the dying and the dead from everyday experience. This article examines four of these changes: 1) falling death rates, 2) the rise of hospitals, 3) the rise of funeral directing as a profession, and 4) the rural cemetery movement. It is proposed that these changes produced an unjustified optimism with regard to the prolongation of life.
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Review Meta Analysis
The morbidity and mortality associated with overweight and obesity in adulthood: a systematic review.
Overweight and obesity are generally thought to elevate morbidity and mortality. New data call this supposed association into question. ⋯ The prevailing notion that overweight increases morbidity and mortality, as compared to so-called normal weight, is in need of further specification. Obesity, however, is indeed associated with an elevated risk for most of the diseases studied.