Articles: mortality.
-
HIV infection in women and children is a special problem in Zaire and in other countries where heterosexual transmission is predominant. Nearly half of the cases of HIV infection are in women 15 to 30 years old and as many as seven infected infants may be born each year. Whether or not infected at birth, these children have mothers, and often fathers, who are infected and likely to die while they are still very young. ⋯ The association of chorioamnionitis with HIV seropositivity and with the clinical status of the mother seems to suggest that impaired maternal immunity increases the risk of premature birth, its consequent lower birth weight, and to HIV or other perinatally acquired infections. The identification of women at higher risk of chorioamnionitis and their treatment might provide a means to decrease the risk of premature delivery and possibly reduce the rate of HIV transmission to their infants. The pathologic changes in organs of infants and children with HIV infection require in-depth, systematic study to better define the natural history of perinatal HIV disease and infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
-
J Am Paraplegia Soc · Jul 1991
ReviewThe impact of spinal cord injury on female sexuality, menstruation and pregnancy: a review of the literature.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in alterations in sexual functioning. This area has been studied in depth in males; however, the literature pertaining to female sexual dysfunction after injury is sparse and focused primarily on menstruation and pregnancy. This report reviews the literature on female sexuality, menstruation and pregnancy after SCI and discusses the findings.
-
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Jun 1991
Review[Anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality].
Anesthesia-related mortality rate is estimated at 1 death per 10,000 procedures. Four general failures in anesthesia management are responsible for the majority of deaths: difficult intubation, aspiration, insufficient ventilation, and insufficient volume substitution. More than half of all critical incidents are considered preventable--by better patient preparation, better monitoring or increased vigilance. ⋯ In addition, 10% of all patients experience intra- or postoperative complications such as arrhythmia, hypo- or hypertension. Several patient-related factors, such as age or the number of coexisting diseases, as well as management factors, such as choice of anesthetic technique or the experience of the anesthesiologist, are important determinants of morbidity and mortality. This review gives a comprehensive summary of recent results in risk-analysis and the study of critical incidents in anesthesia.
-
J Diarrhoeal Dis Res · Sep 1990
ReviewRole of breast-feeding in the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea.
Recent studies have again shown the beneficial effects of breast-feeding in preventing morbidity and mortality from diarrhoea in infants. A case-control study in Brazil has shown that young infants who are not breast-fed have a 25-time greater risk of dying of diarrhoea than those who are exclusively breast-fed. A longitudinal study in the urban slums of Lima, Peru found that exclusively breast-fed infants have a reduced risk of diarrhoeal morbidity when compared with infants receiving only water in addition to breast-milk. ⋯ Programmes also need to include breast-feeding promotion as a part of their activities. This should comprise hospital practices supporting and ensuring breast-feeding immediately after delivery of the infants and subsequently while they are treated in the hospital: immediate breast-feeding after delivery; Mothers and infants rooming together; On demand breast-feeding; No bottle feedings of water or infant formula; No pre-lacteal feeds. In addition, health professionals need to understand the skills for the management of breast-feeding, so that mothers are given appropriate advice on how to breast-feed and counteract breast-feeding problems.