Articles: mortality.
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Quantifying the use of emerging tobacco products such as nicotine pouches (NPs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) is crucial for informing public health interventions and measuring their potential effects on tobacco use morbidity, mortality and benefits from complete tobacco cessation. ⋯ Continued surveillance of emerging tobacco products such as HTPs and NPs can inform public health approaches and support future research to better quantify the health consequences from these products.
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In the United States (US), premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates (35-74 years) have exhibited increases in recent years, particularly in younger adults, and large differentials by educational attainment. This trend has occurred concurrently with high and increasing obesity prevalence, which also show significant differences by education. This study aims to jointly model premature CVD mortality trends in the US according to obesity status and educational attainment. ⋯ The findings demonstrate the public health challenge to reduce premature US CVD mortality posed by continued high obesity prevalence, especially for younger ages, lower education groups and males. The relative importance of obesity in influencing premature CVD mortality trends has risen partly due to the decline in CVD mortality attributable to other risk factors.
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More than 3.5 million people worldwide and 540 000 individuals in the US receive maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney failure. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 40% after initiation of maintenance dialysis. ⋯ In 2021, more than 540 000 patients in the US received maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for treatment of chronic kidney failure. Five-year survival rate after initiation of maintenance dialysis is approximately 40%, and the mortality rate is similar with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Decisions about dialysis initiation timing and modality are influenced by patient symptoms, laboratory trajectories, patient preferences, and therapy cost and availability and should include shared decision-making.
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Patients undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) are particularly susceptible to infections: 42% experience sepsis and 26% develop a nosocomial infection (NI). Whether antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in reducing mortality and its effects on the rate of NIs is currently unclear. ⋯ PROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviews, 2024, CRD42024567037.
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Previous observational studies have suggested diabetic patients should synchronize their foods and nutrient intake with their biological rhythm; however, the optimal intake time of coffee and tea for reducing all-cause and disease-specific mortality in diabetes is still unknown. This study aims to examine by investigating the association of timing for coffee and tea consumption with long-term survival in people with diabetes. ⋯ This study suggests that drinking coffee in dawn to forenoon is linked to a higher risk of death, but having coffee and tea from forenoon to noon is linked to a lower risk of overall mortality, CVD, and heart disease in individuals with diabetes.