Articles: liver-neoplasms-diagnosis.
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Brain metastases (BMs) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare, with a paucity of reported cases. In the present retrospective cohort report, we assessed the proportion of BMs arising from HCC and characterized the related details, including patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes. ⋯ HCC BMs are rare and constitute a small fraction of the total incidence of BMs. The prognostic data we have provided can aid medical providers in caring for patients with HCC BMs.
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Review Case Reports
Elevated procalcitonin levels in primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: Case report and literature review.
Procalcitonin (PCT) has been identified as a tumor biomarker in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Other neuroendocrine carcinomas with elevated PCT levels are relatively rare, and are mainly reported in the lung, digestive tract, and pancreas. No studies in the literature have reported a case of primary hepatic carcinoma complicated with unexpectedly elevated PCT levels. ⋯ An extremely elevated PCT level may raise a suspicion of a neuroendocrine carcinoma and plays an indicative role as a biomarker during therapy.
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Within a rapidly expanding therapeutic armamentarium, the combination of everolimus (Eve) plus exemestane (Exe) utility needs to be reinstated in hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). ⋯ Eve plus Exe remains a valid option in HR+HER2- MBC.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of soluble Axl (sAxl) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with serum α-fetoprotein (AFP). ⋯ sAxl outperforms AFP in detecting HCC, especially in early HCC and in AFP-negative HCC. Combination sAxl with AFP improved the specificity for early HCC diagnosis. In summary, sAxl is a candidate serum marker for diagnosing HCC.
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Although the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system has been largely adopted in clinical practice, recent studies have emphasized the need for further refinement and subclassification of this system. ⋯ The prognosis of patients with HCC varied according to the BCLC stage but was largely dependent on the TBS.