Articles: dementia.
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Alzheimer disease, Pick disease and senile dementia are all characterized by similar morphological changes, both macroscopic and microscopic, and similar psychiatric symptoms. All three should, therefore, be viewed as aspects of one disease, which is termed Alzheimer-type dementia. ⋯ There might be two main means of preventing Alzheimer-type dementia: the first could be named the serological (basic) and the second relying on pharmacotherapy (additional). Pharmacological prevention of disease might be aided by the use of parasympathomimetic drugs, e.g. pilocarpine.
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Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi · Mar 1996
Historical Article[How did Japanese psychiatrists receive conceptions of dementia praecox and schizophrenia?].
Before the introduction of Emil Kraepelin's system of classification of mental illness, several systems coexisted in Japanese psychiatry and the terminology of mental illness was unclear. Shŭzŏ Kuré, after his study under Kraepelin in Heidelberg, came back to Japan in 1901. The next year Kuré and Kinnosuke Miura (neurologist) founded the Japanese Society of Neurology (now, the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology). ⋯ Eugen Bleuler's conception of schizophrenia was accepted with little discussion. As for translation, three different words were used for "schizophrenia". It was in 1937 that the Japanese Society of Pspychiatry and Neurology determined the Japanese equivalent of "seishin(mind)-bunretsu (splitting)-byŏ(disease)" for schizophrenia.
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Arch Neurol Chicago · Feb 1996
Comparative StudyRegional gray and white matter metabolite differences in subjects with AD, with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia, and elderly controls with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.
To use 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to study differences in neuron density (N-acetylaspartate [NAA]), membrane phospholipid metabolites (choline [Cho]), and creatine-containing metabolites (creatine plus phosphocreatine [Cr]) in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), and elderly controls. ⋯ Our findings in subjects with AD suggest neuron loss in gray matter, axon loss in white matter, and altered Cho metabolism in posterior brain regions. Our findings in subjects with SIVD are consistent with higher levels of creatine-containing metabolites and/or lower levels of NAA in frontal white matter.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of different diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia (ADDTC, DSM-IV, ICD-10, NINDS-AIREN).
Vascular dementia (VD) has been an ill-defined term thus far. Recently detailed criteria for the diagnosis of VD have been proposed (Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers [ADDTC], 1992; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition [DSM-IV], 1994; International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10], 1992, 1993; and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences [NINDS-AIREN], 1993). Until now the clinical feasibility of these diagnostic guidelines has not been evaluated. ⋯ Our results show that the classification according to different diagnostic guidelines yields rather distinct groups of patients. The reasons responsible for these findings are as follows: (1) different criteria for dementia, (2) limitation to ischemic VD in the ADDTC criteria, (3) no further differentiation of VD into subtypes according to CT or MRI findings (DSM-IV), and (4) the multifactorial etiopathology of VD. Major diagnostic difficulties ensue from the very frequent cases with white matter lesions, since their etiology and classification remain widely unknown.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A randomized trial of dementia care in nursing homes.
To evaluate the efficacy of a dementia care program to reduce behavior disorders in nursing home patients with dementia. ⋯ The A.G.E. program reduces the prevalence of behavior disorders and the use of antipsychotic drugs and restraints. It is practical, feasible, and appears to improve the lives of patients with dementia in nursing homes.