Articles: dementia.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Dec 2024
Review Meta AnalysisDiagnostic test accuracy of self-administered cognitive assessment tools for dementia.
Dementia is a chronic and progressive clinical syndrome that can present with a range of cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Global prevalence is projected to increase due to ageing populations, particularly in resource-limited settings, with significant associated health and social care costs. There is a critical need for accurate cognitive assessment as part of the diagnostic workup for dementia. Although self-administered cognitive assessment tools are not diagnostic, they can be used to assess cognition. The role of these tests is uncertain, and their diagnostic test accuracy remains unclear, but they may be useful tools in circumstances where face-to-face assessment may be difficult. ⋯ There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of any single self-administered cognitive assessment tool. The tools had test accuracy scores that are similar to the range seen with standard pencil and paper cognitive screening tests conducted by clinicians. Further research on the optimal test and threshold score, and how that may be impacted by setting, language, and educational level is needed.
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Meta Analysis
Effects of cilostazol on cognitive function and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cilostazol is an antiplatelet drug and is used for stroke prevention and symptomatic peripheral vascular disease. Studies have reported the effects of cilostazol on cognitive function, but the results are inconsistent and have not been systematically assessed. ⋯ These results suggest the potential for cilostazol treatment in the suppression of cognitive decline and prevention of progression to dementia. However, the lack of blinding in most studies is likely to cause an overestimation of the effect sizes, and further well-designed studies are also needed.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a frequently used test in the diagnosis of dementia. The objective was to evaluate its effectiveness for the early diagnosis of dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). ⋯ There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine brain MRI for the early diagnosis of dementia in patients with MCI.
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Epidemiological studies show inconsistent links between hearing/vision impairment and dementia risk. Using multisource data, we investigated how single or combined sensory impairments relate to risks of all-cause and specific types of dementia. ⋯ Our findings showed significant associations between hearing and vision impairments and increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific dementia. Standardized hearing and vision assessment and intervention should be emphasized in dementia prevention strategies.
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Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalizations from heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. However, SGLT2i therapy's potential effects on the risks of dementia and Parkinson's disease are not well established, with conflicting results based on observational studies. Hence, we sought to evaluate the association between SGLT2i and the risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease. ⋯ Our study suggests that there is no significant association between SGLT2i use and the risk of dementia, its subtypes, and Parkinson's disease when compared with the control groups.