Articles: nausea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after outpatient surgery with the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting following outpatient surgery can significantly delay discharge. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of ondansetron (a new 5-HT3 antagonist) in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients following outpatient surgery. ⋯ Ondansetron, in doses less than 8 mg, is a safe, effective antiemetic for treating postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
A randomized, double-blind pilot study examining the use of intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female inpatients.
To compare the efficacy and safety profiles of intravenous (IV) ondansetron (two 8 mg doses 8 hours apart) and a placebo when used in the prevention of postoperative nausea and emesis (vomiting or retching). ⋯ Prophylactic IV ondansetron appears to be safe and causes a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of postoperative nausea and emesis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Tropisetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients responding poorly to previous conventional antiemetic therapy.
An open, two-armed, multicentre trial was conducted in 231 patients with malignant disease who had previously failed to respond to conventional antiemetic treatment for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Patients were randomized to receive either tropisetron (5 mg/day; n = 115) or a standard antiemetic therapy, which was considered optimal for each individual but did not include a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (n = 116). Acute vomiting on Day 1 was controlled in 60 (52%) tropisetron patients, compared with only 29 (25%) patients receiving optimal standard therapy (p < 0.001). ⋯ In conclusion, in cases of acute nausea and vomiting it is more effective to switch refractory patients to tropisetron rather than attempt to optimize the dose of standard antiemetic therapy. For delayed nausea and vomiting, combination antiemetic therapy, with differing types of receptor antagonism and corticosteroids may provide the best way forward. Such studies are in progress.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Stratified, randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron administered as a multiple-dose regimen versus two single-dose regimens in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.
This study compares the efficacy and safety of two single-dose regimens with the approved three-dose regimen of ondansetron in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. ⋯ A 32-mg single dose of ondansetron is more effective than a single 8-mg dose and is at least as effective as the standard regimen of 0.15 mg/kg times three doses in the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute emesis.
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Seminars in oncology · Dec 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialSingle-dose ondansetron for the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis: efficacy results.
Ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg, given intravenously (IV) every 4 hours for three doses, has replaced metoclopramide as standard antiemetic therapy for patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Several clinical observations suggested that ondansetron may be effective when given in a single dose: (1) demonstration of efficacy over a wide dose range, (2) similar efficacy with dosing intervals of 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours, and (3) efficacy of single-dose regimens with high-dose metoclopramide and other 5-hydroxytryptamine3 antagonists. In this study, patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomized to receive one of three ondansetron dosing regimens: ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg IV every 4 hours x 3 (standard schedule), ondansetron 32 mg IV x 1, or ondansetron 8 mg IV x 1. ⋯ All three schedules were well tolerated. Ondansetron 32 mg given prior to cisplatin is superior to a single 8-mg dose and is at least as effective, if not superior to, the standard three-dose schedule (0.15 mg/kg every 4 hours). On the basis of these data, ondansetron 32 mg should be considered standard therapy in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy and should be the schedule with which new antiemetics and alternate dosing schedules are compared.