Articles: nausea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis in patients responding poorly to previous antiemetic therapy. Comparing tropisetron with optimised standard antiemetic therapy.
In a multicentre trial, 78 patients with a variety of malignancies, who had experienced insufficient control of emesis (greater than or equal to 3 episodes within 24 hours) while receiving standard antiemetics during previous chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to receive tropisetron 5mg once daily for 5 days or conventional antiemetic drugs. No attempt was made to standardise the conventional antiemetic treatment, which was given according to the usual practice of the participating institutions. Emesis was evaluated by counting emetic episodes and nausea by asking the patients to record on a diary chart the duration and severity of the nausea. ⋯ The superior efficacy of tropisetron was especially marked during the first 24 hours. For delayed nausea, no significant difference between treatments was seen. No serious adverse effects were observed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Intravenous granisetron--establishing the optimal dose. The Granisetron Study Group.
Three double-blind, dose-ranging studies, involving 996 chemotherapy-naive patients, were conducted to determine the optimal prophylactic dose of intravenous (i.v.) granisetron for prevention of cytotoxic-induced emesis. The antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic i.v. granisetron doses ranging from 2-40 micrograms/kg (study 1) and 40-160 micrograms/kg (study 2) were examined in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin regimens. In study 3, i.v. doses of 40 and 160 micrograms/kg were compared in patients receiving other emetogenic cytotoxic therapies. ⋯ Granisetron was well tolerated across the dose range examined and no dose-related toxicity was observed. In conclusion, a single 40 micrograms/kg prophylactic dose provides optimal control of cytotoxic-induced nausea and vomiting. A simple 3 mg single-dose i.v. regimen (equivalent to 40 micrograms/kg in a 75 kg person) is recommended for prevention of acute emesis associated with all cytotoxic regimens.
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jan 1992
Review Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial[Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting by ondansetron].
This study was carried out to assess the efficacy of oral ondansetron, a new 5HT3 receptor antagonist, in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. It included 60 patients, randomly assigned to two groups, and receiving orally, 1 h before induction of anaesthesia, either 8 mg of ondansetron (n = 29) or a placebo (n = 30). One patient was excluded. ⋯ The differences between the groups were statistically significant: p = 0.025 for nausea and p = 0.042 for vomiting. It is concluded that oral ondansetron, 8 mg taken orally 1 h before surgery, significantly reduces the incidence of nausea and vomiting during the first twelve postoperative hours. As it is easy to use and has no side-effects, it might be of interest in day-case surgery patients, despite its high cost.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Nov 1991
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialOpioid supplementation to propofol anaesthesia for outpatient abortion: a comparison between alfentanil, fentanyl and placebo.
One hundred and sixty-four patients scheduled for elective termination of pregnancy under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to receive one of three different supplements to propofol and oxygen in nitrous oxide anaesthesia: 0.1 mg fentanyl, 0.5 mg alfentanil or placebo. Postoperative pain and nausea, as well as complications during anaesthesia were studied. There were no differences in complications or complaints by surgeons during anaesthesia, and no patient in any group reacted unsatisfactorily to surgery. ⋯ In conclusion, opioid supplementation lowered the amount of propofol needed for anaesthesia. Alfentanil 0.5 mg did not improve the postoperative course. Fentanyl 0.1 mg decreased the frequency of postoperative pain without increasing the time to hospital discharge.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Nausea and vomiting after termination of pregnancy as day surgery cases: comparison of 3 different doses of droperidol and metoclopramide as anti-emetic prophylaxis.
Frequency of nausea and vomiting following day case termination of pregnancy was found to be rather high (42%) without anti-emetic prophylaxis. Droperidol in doses of 2.5 mg, 1.25 mg and 0.25 mg were found to be equally effective as prophylactic anti-emetic, but not metoclopramide 10 mg. This study confirms that low dose droperidol 0.25 mg is effective as a prophylactic anti-emetic, without any delay in immediate recovery and hence suitable for day surgery cases.