Articles: nausea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Ondansetron compared with high-dose metoclopramide in prophylaxis of acute and delayed cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study.
To compare the efficacy and side effects of ondansetron with those of high-dose metoclopramide in treating acute and delayed cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. ⋯ Ondansetron is significantly more effective than metoclopramide in preventing acute nausea and vomiting. In the delayed phase, the results of both drugs were disappointing, although metoclopramide's effect on delayed nausea was superior. Patients preferred ondansetron.
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Investigational new drugs · Nov 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialHigh versus low dose granisetron, a selective 5HT3 antagonist, for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Fifty six patients, with histologically confirmed cancer, who received highly emetogenic chemotherapy, were entered on a randomized double blind, low versus high dose, study of granisetron, a 5HT3 receptor antagonist. A single dose of intravenous granisetron protected the majority of patients from nausea and vomiting, 160 micrograms/kg was more effective than 40 micrograms/kg with no more side effects. Additional doses of granisetron conferred added benefit to patients who experienced breakthrough symptoms. Granisetron at a dose range of 40-240 micrograms/kg over a 24 hour period was well tolerated with the only side effect being mild headache.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Prochlorperazine and transdermal scopolamine added to a metoclopramide antiemetic regimen. A controlled comparison.
Cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting occurs both acutely and over a prolonged period of time. These symptoms may be incapacitating and are frequently given as a reason to discontinue therapy. We compared prochlorperazine and transdermal scopolamine when added to a standardized metoclopramide antiemetic regimen. ⋯ Among similar treatment groups no differences were seen regarding the number of emetic events, level of nausea, degree of sedation or overall acceptability of one treatment arm or another. While not superior to prochlorperazine, transdermal scopolamine is a useful antiemetic agent and can be combined with metoclopramide in an attempt to reduce cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. Further evaluation of this approach is needed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Intravenous droperidol decreases nausea and vomiting after alfentanil anesthesia without increasing recovery time.
The frequency rate of nausea and vomiting after an alfentanil-based anesthetic is high, with reported frequencies of 38% to 68%. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose and moderate-dose droperidol in decreasing the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting and to evaluate whether droperidol has any effect on slowing recovery after a standard alfentanil-based anesthetic. Sixty normal adults who were scheduled to undergo short surgical procedures requiring general anesthesia were assigned randomly in a double-blind manner to one of three groups of 20: (1) control--normal saline; (2) droperidol 10 micrograms/kg; or (3) droperidol 20 micrograms/kg. ⋯ The frequency of nausea and vomiting was significantly less (p less than 0.05) for the 20 micrograms/kg group (5%) than for the 10 micrograms/kg group (25%) or the control group (40%). A dose-response relationship was evident for the antiemetic effect of droperidol. An analog scale for severity of nausea and vomiting also demonstrated a dose response effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of three techniques on time to awakening, time to orientation and incidence of nausea and vomiting using alfentanil in balanced anesthesia in an outpatient surgical setting.
Maximizing patient safety and comfort while minimizing adverse sequelae are continuing anesthetic challenges. The purpose of this study was to examine three anesthetic techniques utilizing alfentanil with regard to time to awakening, time to orientation and incidence of nausea and vomiting. Surgical procedures were limited to knee arthroscopy, laparoscopy and dental extractions. ⋯ The two N2O groups did not differ significantly in either measure. The incidence of vomiting in the postanesthesia recovery room (PARR) indicated a significant difference (p = .0317) among groups with vomiting occurring 45.8% of the time in Group I, 28.8% of the time in Group II and 8% of the time in Group III. Total emetic score (nausea and vomiting) in the PARR indicated a significant difference (p = .03) among groups with symptoms occurring 50% of the time in Group I, 28% of the time in Group II, and 16% of the time in Group III.