Articles: nausea.
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Support Care Cancer · Jun 2017
ReviewA systematic review of methodologies, endpoints, and outcome measures in randomized trials of radiation therapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Clinical trials in radiation therapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) appear to have varied methodologies, endpoints, and outcome measures. This complicates trial comparisons, weakens practice guideline recommendations, and contributes to variability in supportive care patterns of practice. We systematically reviewed RINV trials to describe and compare their pertinent design features. ⋯ Methodologies, endpoints, and outcome measures varied considerably among 34 randomized trials in RINV.
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Expert Opin Drug Saf · Jun 2017
Review Comparative StudyClinical pharmacology of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.
Five NK-1 RA formulations are commercially available to treat the delayed phase of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) occurring between days 2-5 post chemotherapy (aprepitant oral capsule and suspension, fosaprepitant intravenous infusion, netupitant/palonosetron capsules and rolapitant tablet) but no direct comparative studies have been conducted to determine their relative clinical utility. Areas covered: Information on pharmacology and safety of the NK-1 RAs derived from PubMed showed that all bind the NK-1 receptor with high affinity and selectivity. There is substantial variation in the disposition and time course in the body of NK-1 RAs because of the differential effects of hepatic metabolism. ⋯ Consequently, aprepitant not only has a much shorter elimination half-life than netupitant and rolapitant but also a more prolific drug interaction profile. All of the NK-1 RAs are efficacious and safe, and are suitable for use in a range of different patient populations, including those with mild or moderate hepatic or renal impairment. Expert opinion: While discovery of NK-1 RAs represents a major breakthrough in CINV control, further work is needed to improve control of chemotherapy-induced nausea.
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Review Meta Analysis
Low-Dose Naloxone for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
To determine whether postoperative administration of low-dose intravenous naloxone decreases the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and its impact on postoperative opioid requirements and pain scores. ⋯ This pooled analysis of data suggests that low-dose naloxone plays no role in preventing PONV, while exhibiting no significant effects on postoperative opioid needs and pain scores. The reduction demonstrated in postoperative nausea did not translate into decreases in postoperative vomiting.
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Review Meta Analysis
Effects of acupressure on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting-a systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Acupressure has been used as an effective way in treating with stomach upset. However the efficacy of acupressure in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is uncertain. ⋯ This systematic review suggested a protective effect of acupressure on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, while more well-designed clinical trials with larger sample size were needed to draw a definitive conclusion.
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Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. · Apr 2017
Review Meta AnalysisEfficacy and safety of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Olanzapine is an anti-psychotic drug that has been used for preventing and treating Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV). This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy and safety of olanzapine for prophylaxis and treatment of CINV. ⋯ Olanzapine is effective and safe at reducing during the delayed and overall phase of the CINV prevention. Other regimens might be added, in cases of CINV during the acute phase of CINV.