Articles: nausea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Single oral dose ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and emesis. The European and US Study Groups.
In two placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre studies, the efficacy and safety of single oral doses of ondansetron 4 mg, 8 mg and 16 mg were evaluated for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female inpatients. For the total study populations, 26% (European study) and 32% (US study) of placebo-treated patients experienced no emesis compared with 54% (European study) and 52% (US study) of patients treated with ondansetron 16 mg, the most effective dose. Similarly, 22% (European study) and 19% (US study) of placebo-treated patients experienced no nausea compared with 42% (European study) and 34% (US study) of ondansetron 16 mg-treated patients. ⋯ In the US study, a slightly greater percentage of patients undergoing non-gynaecological surgery had no nausea and no emesis compared with patients undergoing gynaecological surgery in both the placebo and ondansetron treatment groups. Again, ondansetron 16 mg was the most effective dose in both surgery types. Ondansetron was well tolerated, with only headache being reported as a significant problem in both studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Tropisetron compared with a metoclopramide-based regimen in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
This randomised, open, parallel group study compared the antiemetic efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron with metoclopramide plus lorazepam in 102 patients receiving a first course of non-cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Control of acute vomiting by tropisetron was significantly superior to that of the metoclopramide regimen, with total control (no vomiting) in 45% of 51 patients in the tropisetron group compared with 22% of 51 patients in the metoclopramide group (P = 0.013); total and partial control (< 5 vomits) occurred in 67 and 47% of patients, respectively (P = 0.044). The incidences of acute nausea and of delayed nausea and emesis were similar in the two treatment groups. ⋯ One patient in the metoclopramide group reported confusion and tremor thought to be related to the antiemetic therapy. Tropisetron is an effective and well-tolerated agent in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced vomiting. The control of acute nausea was similar in the two treatment groups, but tropisetron was superior to a metoclopramide-based regimen in the control of acute vomiting.
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To determine the antiemetic drug preferences of practicing adult oncologists and to estimate the frequency of use of marijuana smoke as an antiemetic agent. ⋯ Marijuana in any form was believed to be efficacious for 50% of patients with pre- or post-chemotherapy nausea or vomiting. However, one of four patients who received it complained of bothersome adverse effects. At the time of the study, cannabis was prescribed or recommended relatively infrequently by American clinical oncologists (i.e., those who actually prescribed chemotherapy). Even if it was freely available and restrictions on its use liberalized, smokeable marijuana, according to responses given on this survey, would not be used much more frequently by American oncologists.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron in comparison with a combination of tropisetron and dexamethasone in the control of nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.
In a double-blind, randomised, multicentre study, the efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron and a combination of tropisetron and dexamethasone were compared for the control of nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin in patients previously not entirely protected by tropisetron monotherapy. In all, 160 women with gynaecological cancers were studied during two consecutive courses of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. During the first course (the screening course), all patients received tropisetron monotherapy [5 mg intravenous (i.v.) on day 1 and 5 mg orally on days 2-6] as antiemetic treatment. ⋯ Tropisetron was well tolerated both as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone. The most frequent adverse events were headache (34%), constipation (12.5%) and fatigue (12.5%). Adding high doses of a corticosteroid did not induce further adverse events or disregulate concurrent diseases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Single dose intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting continues to pose problems for surgical patients. Three studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron in male and female patients undergoing outpatient surgery. Studies 1 and 2 included a total of 1169 female patients scheduled to undergo surgery on a day case basis. ⋯ In study 3, ondansetron 4 mg was significantly (p < or = 0.001) more effective than placebo in preventing emesis in males. There were no differences between treatment groups with respect to vital signs, laboratory values, or adverse events. Intravenous ondansetron is safe and effective at preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in male and female patients undergoing day case surgery.