Articles: nausea.
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A growing interest has been shown in antiemetics with important advances in understanding the physiology of vomiting and the development of new anticancer agents having high emetic potential such as cisplatin. At present, high-dose metoclopramide, dexamethasone and butyrophenones have shown effective antiemetic action. ⋯ While improvements have been made in acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, anticipatory and delayed emesis is still a difficult problem. Further studies under well-designed trials are necessary to establish which of the available agents, doses, routes of administration, and schedules are best for reducing emesis depending on the chemotherapeutic drugs used.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of a small dose of droperidol on nausea, vomiting and recovery after outpatient enflurane anaesthesia.
Young, healthy outpatients (100) undergoing restorative dentistry and/or oral surgery under enfluranenitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia were given 0.014 mg/kg of droperidol or a saline placebo i.v. in a double-blind random fashion 5 min after induction of anaesthesia to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Overall, less patients given droperidol were nauseated (18%) or vomited (7%) in comparison with patients given saline (27% and 11%, respectively). During the first postoperative hour, 4% of patients given droperidol were nauseated and 2% vomited, whereas 16% of patients given saline were nauseated and 6% vomited. ⋯ After 60 min, only one patient given droperidol and four patients who received saline and vomited took side steps or were unable to walk. Psychomotor performance was significantly (P less than 0.05) better in a perceptual speed test both 30 and 60 min after anaesthesia in patients receiving saline as compared to those given droperidol. It is concluded that although droperidol is a less effective antiemetic after outpatient than after inpatient enflurane anaesthesia, small doses of droperidol may be used for outpatients prone to vomiting to prevent delayed discharge from the clinic due to prolonged vomiting.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Mar 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe evaluation of domperidone and metoclopramide as antiemetics in day care abortion patients.
A randomised double-blind investigation was undertaken to assess the value of domperidone and metoclopramide as prophylactic anti-emetics in unpremedicated patients undergoing general anaesthesia for therapeutic abortion on a day care basis. Sixty patients were divided into three groups, and received, at induction, one of three drugs intravenously. The incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting were 35% in the group receiving normal saline as placebo, 30% in the group receiving 10 mg domperidone and 25% in the group receiving 10 mg metoclopramide; these were not statistically significantly different. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting as influenced by age, weight, length of gestation, anaesthetic time and a history of nausea and vomiting during the pregnancy.
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Am. J. Gastroenterol. · Mar 1985
ReviewThe diagnosis and management of nausea and vomiting: a review.
Nausea and vomiting can result from a wide variety of organic and psychogenic disorders. In evaluating these symptoms, a thorough history with careful attention to their duration and relation to meals, as well as to concomitant drug use and underlying chronic medical problems, often will point to the correct diagnosis. ⋯ Treatment can be symptomatic but is directed at the underlying pathological process whenever possible. Recently developed gastrointestinal "prokinetic" agents have helped to improve the course of patients with identifiable motility disorders.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of anticipatory nausea and vomiting in a sample of pediatric patients with cancer who were receiving outpatient chemotherapy. Forty male and female patients representing a broad range of diagnoses were interviewed with their parents concerning nausea and vomiting before and after chemotherapy. Anticipatory nausea was reported by 28.8% of the sample; anticipatory vomiting was present in 20% of the sample. ⋯ Considerable interpatient variability was observed, with treatment-related factors accounting for only 22% of the variance in the occurrence of anticipatory nausea and vomiting. These findings are considered within a behavioral framework for understanding conditioned aversions in pediatric patients with cancer. Implications for patient education, future research on the prediction of children at risk, and intervention are discussed.