Articles: nausea.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Sep 2010
Review Meta AnalysisInterventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy.
Nausea, retching and vomiting are very commonly experienced by women in early pregnancy. There are considerable physical and psychological effects on women who experience these symptoms. This is an update of a review of interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy previously published in 2003. ⋯ Given the high prevalence of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy, health professionals need to provide clear guidance to women, based on systematically reviewed evidence. There is a lack of high-quality evidence to support that advice. The difficulties in interpreting the results of the studies included in this review highlight the need for specific, consistent and clearly justified outcomes and approaches to measurement in research studies.
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Antiemetic agents are among the most frequently prescribed medications in the emergency department (ED). Nevertheless, there are no widely accepted evidence-based guidelines to optimize the use of these medications for nausea or vomiting in this setting. ⋯ Based on the safety and efficacy of ondansetron, it may be used as a first-line agent for relief of nausea or vomiting for most patient populations in the ED.
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Nausea and vomiting are often encountered in palliative care patients. Multiple medications are available to provide relief. However, several drug combinations are usually used to treat emesis. ⋯ It blocks multiple neurotransmitters dopaminergic, serotonergic, adrenergic (alpha(1)), histaminergic, and muscarinic receptors. Most of these receptors are also involved in causing emesis. Studies have shown that olanzapine could be used to treat nausea and vomiting with promising results.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Apr 2010
Review Meta AnalysisA systematic review of the treatment of nausea and/or vomiting in cancer unrelated to chemotherapy or radiation.
A systematic review of antiemetics for emesis in cancer unrelated to chemotherapy and radiation is an important step in establishing treatment recommendations and guiding future research. Therefore, a systematic review based on the question "What is the evidence that supports antiemetic choices in advanced cancer?" guided this review. ⋯ There are discrepancies between antiemetic studies and published antiemetic guidelines, which are largely based on expert opinion. Antiemetic recommendations have moderate to weak evidence at best. Prospective randomized trials of single antiemetics are needed to properly establish evidence-based guidelines.
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Expert Opin Pharmacother · Apr 2010
Review Historical ArticleReview of palonosetron: emerging data distinguishing it as a novel 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Since the advent of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) in the 1990s, dramatic improvements have been achieved in the field of antiemetic therapy. The enhanced prevention of delayed and overall chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) offered by palonosetron, a second-generation 5-HT3RA and aprepitant, the first neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RA) represent the only significant treatment advances in the past decade. While initial trials of single-dose palonosetron indicated a potential benefit over first-generation 5-HT3RAs, only recently have new data become available, increasing the weight of evidence distinguishing it as a new 5-HT3RA in the class. ⋯ This review of recent progress in antiemetic therapy focuses on the newest data on palonosetron and discusses future trials and implications for clinical practice, with the overall goal of learning from history.