Articles: nausea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Single dose intravenous ondansetron for the 24-hour treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a major concern for patients undergoing outpatient surgery under general anaesthesia, and may complicate and delay discharge from hospital. This paper evaluates the safety and efficacy of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. One thousand patients in 30 centres in the United States who received general anaesthesia and developed postoperative nausea and vomiting were studied. ⋯ Dose comparisons between the three treatment groups showed that ondansetron 4 mg is the optimal dose to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron is a well tolerated, efficacious antiemetic which has a similar side effect profile to placebo. Intramuscular administration has the same systemic availability as intravenous administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 1994
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyThe postoperative interview: assessing risk factors for nausea and vomiting.
Most studies of postoperative nausea and vomiting have concentrated on single etiologic factors and have not detailed the method of assessing these symptoms. This study used postoperative interview data from patients at four teaching hospitals during 1988-89, to determine 1) risk factors for nausea/vomiting, 2) whether the type of surgery affected the rate of nausea/vomiting among female patients, 3) whether differences in rates across hospitals were due to differences in patient case-mix, and 4) whether there were differences in the rate of nausea/vomiting among the patients of individual anesthesiologists. Research nurses performed 16,000 interviews (59% of all inpatients) from a closed-question standardized format. ⋯ We found marked variations in the rate of nausea/vomiting across hospitals (range, 39% to 73%), and these variations were not explained by the case-mix of patients. The rate of nausea/vomiting varied substantially across anesthesiologists in each hospital and the differences were not explained by differences in the patients they managed. Thus in the time period immediately preceding the introduction of newer antiemetic drugs, we found that the rates of this common problem were persistently high as perceived from the patients' point of view.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Single oral dose ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and emesis. The European and US Study Groups.
In two placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre studies, the efficacy and safety of single oral doses of ondansetron 4 mg, 8 mg and 16 mg were evaluated for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female inpatients. For the total study populations, 26% (European study) and 32% (US study) of placebo-treated patients experienced no emesis compared with 54% (European study) and 52% (US study) of patients treated with ondansetron 16 mg, the most effective dose. Similarly, 22% (European study) and 19% (US study) of placebo-treated patients experienced no nausea compared with 42% (European study) and 34% (US study) of ondansetron 16 mg-treated patients. ⋯ In the US study, a slightly greater percentage of patients undergoing non-gynaecological surgery had no nausea and no emesis compared with patients undergoing gynaecological surgery in both the placebo and ondansetron treatment groups. Again, ondansetron 16 mg was the most effective dose in both surgery types. Ondansetron was well tolerated, with only headache being reported as a significant problem in both studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron in comparison with a combination of tropisetron and dexamethasone in the control of nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.
In a double-blind, randomised, multicentre study, the efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron and a combination of tropisetron and dexamethasone were compared for the control of nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin in patients previously not entirely protected by tropisetron monotherapy. In all, 160 women with gynaecological cancers were studied during two consecutive courses of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. During the first course (the screening course), all patients received tropisetron monotherapy [5 mg intravenous (i.v.) on day 1 and 5 mg orally on days 2-6] as antiemetic treatment. ⋯ Tropisetron was well tolerated both as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone. The most frequent adverse events were headache (34%), constipation (12.5%) and fatigue (12.5%). Adding high doses of a corticosteroid did not induce further adverse events or disregulate concurrent diseases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Single dose intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting continues to pose problems for surgical patients. Three studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron in male and female patients undergoing outpatient surgery. Studies 1 and 2 included a total of 1169 female patients scheduled to undergo surgery on a day case basis. ⋯ In study 3, ondansetron 4 mg was significantly (p < or = 0.001) more effective than placebo in preventing emesis in males. There were no differences between treatment groups with respect to vital signs, laboratory values, or adverse events. Intravenous ondansetron is safe and effective at preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in male and female patients undergoing day case surgery.