Articles: nausea.
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Chemotherapy-induced vomiting and nausea is the most common adverse event of anticancer therapy. In different guide-lines (MASCC, NCCN, ESMO and ASCO) antiemetic prophylaxis is directed toward the emetogenic potential of the chemotherapy and the type of vomiting and nausea. ⋯ Steroids, dexamethasone, metoclopramide, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron, granisetron, tropisetron) and a new group of antiemetics, the neurokinin1 receptor antagonists are used to prevent anticipatory, acute and delayed vomiting and nausea. This paper examines evidence-based recommendations for optimal use of antiemetics.
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Nausea and vomiting are two of the most common symptoms experienced by those with HIV. While the causes are most commonly attributed to medication side effects, infectious causes, gastroparesis and psychosomatic, therapy aimed at controlling symptoms has not been well studied. ⋯ Such studies could include investigation into the prophylactic use of antiemetics with initiation or modification of HAART therapy to monitor patient compliance. In addition, anticipatory nausea and vomiting should be further studied, as it could prove to be quite prevalent, as in cancer patients.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Nov 2008
ReviewReview of acupressure studies for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control.
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effects of a noninvasive intervention, acupressure, when combined with antiemetics for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Ten controlled acupressure studies were included in this review. The review evaluated one quasi-experimental and nine randomized clinical trials, which included two specific acupressure modalities, that is, acupressure band and finger acupressure. ⋯ Differences in the acupressure modality, the emetic potential of chemotherapeutic agents, antiemetic use, and sample characteristics of each study made study-to-study comparisons difficult. Suggestive effects of acupressure, cost-effectiveness, and the noninvasiveness of the interventions encourage researchers to further investigate the efficacy of this modality. Acupressure should be strongly recommended as an effective, nonpharmacologic adjuvant intervention for CINV control if its positive effects are reproduced in future acupressure clinical trials.
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Expert Rev Anticancer Ther · Nov 2008
ReviewFosaprepitant: a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a distressing and common adverse event associated with cancer treatment. Updated antiemetic guidelines were published in 2008 by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and, in 2006, by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, which have included the use of the new and more effective antiemetic agents 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist and neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor antagonist. Aprepitant is a selective NK-1 receptor antagonist approved as part of combination therapy with a corticosteroid and a 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist for the prevention of acute and delayed CINV in patients receiving moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy. ⋯ Fosaprepitant in the dose of 115 mg has been approved by the US FDA, the EU and the Australian authorities on day 1 of a 3-day oral aprepitant regimen, with oral aprepitant administered on days 2 and 3. Fosaprepitant may be a useful parenteral alternative to oral aprepitant. Further study is needed to clarify the utility of fosaprepitant in the prevention of CINV and to clarify optimal dosing regimens that may be appropriate substitutes for oral aprepitant.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2008
ReviewP6 stimulation for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
A number of studies investigated the use of P6 stimulation for the prevention of intraoperative and postoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV and PONV) in women having cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia. We performed a systematic review to determine the overall efficacy of these techniques in preventing IONV and PONV in this patient population. ⋯ While some studies showed a benefit of P6 stimulation, this finding was not consistent. The presence of heterogeneity and inconsistent results among the included trials prevents any definitive conclusions on the efficacy of P6 stimulation in reducing IONV and PONV associated with cesarean delivery performed under neuraxial anesthesia.