Articles: nausea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of ondansetron and prochlorperazine for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after adenotonsillectomy.
This study has compared the incidences of nausea, vomiting and headache after ondansetron 0.06 mg kg-1 i.v., prochlorperazine 0.2 mg kg-1 i.m. and prochlorperazine 0.1 mg kg-1 i.v. given during induction of general anaesthesia to 282 patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy. The cardiovascular effects of the drugs were similar. ⋯ Nausea and vomiting in the same patient was reduced from 29% to 2% by i.v. ondansetron (P < 0.0005) and to 3% by i.m. prochlorperazine (P < 0.0005), and appeared to be less severe in these groups. Headache was most frequent after i.v. ondansetron (35%: P < 0.05), but occurred with similar frequency after i.m. prochlorperazine (32%) and i.v. prochlorperazine (29%).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Tropisetron and metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A comparative, placebo controlled study in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery.
One hundred and twenty patients undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery under general anaesthesia were investigated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel group study of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Patients received tropisetron 0.1 mg.kg-1, metoclopramide 0.25 mg.kg-1 or placebo given at the end of anaesthesia. ⋯ The patients in the placebo group required rescue antiemesis more often in the postanaesthesia care unit. Our results suggest that tropisetron may not be suitable as a routine, primary therapy for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Transdermal scopolamine for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. No clinically relevant result in spite of reduced postoperative vomiting in general surgical and gynecologic patients].
In a prospective double-blind trial, transdermal scopolamine (TS) was compared to placebo (P) in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) within a 48-h interval. After stratification for gender and surgical procedure, patients were randomly chosen to receive either TS or placebo. ⋯ The routine administration of TS for gynaecological and surgical patients cannot be recommended because of the lack of effect on postoperative nausea and only marginal benefit concerning postoperative vomiting.
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Review Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Efficacy of ondansetron in acute and delayed cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting].
Nausea and vomiting have always been associated with anti-cancer agents in patients' minds because these effects were the main ones to occur during chemotherapy. Since 1990, a novel class of antiemetic agents has been available: the 5-HT3 serotonin receptors antagonists. ⋯ A complete control (0 emetic episode) reached at the first course allows the maintenance of the efficacy over repeated courses for the majority of patients. In delayed emesis (24 hours after the start of chemotherapy), it is believed that the serotonin is not the only neuromediator involved in the mechanism.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of ondansetron on nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery during general anaesthesia.
The efficacy of ondansetron 4 mg and 8 mg was compared with placebo in the reduction of postoperative nausea, retching and vomiting (PONV) after middle ear surgery during general anaesthesia, in 75 patients, in a double-blind and randomized study. Both doses of ondansetron were predictors for a decrease in PONV and the number of doses of rescue antiemetic needed per patient (droperidol: from 0.72 in the placebo group to 0.32 in both the 4-mg and 8-mg groups). No reduction in PONV was observed in patients with a history of motion sickness, whereas in patients without a history of motion sickness, ondansetron reduced both the proportion of patients suffering from PONV from 53% to 20% (P < 0.05) and of those needing droperidol from 53% to 17% (P < 0.05).