Articles: brain-injuries.
-
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed in a timely manner. Brain computed tomography (CT) is the diagnostic gold standard but is of limited availability in most South African public hospitals, resulting in transfer of TBI patients to tertiary hospitals. ⋯ More than half of patients referred for a CT scan were discharged from the Trauma Centre within 24 hours of admission, which indicates additional costs and inefficiencies in the health system. These data are useful to guide resource planning and allocation for district hospitals, since less expensive point-of-care modalities now exist to diagnose TBI, and which are useful in indicating the prognosis of patients.
-
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) with skull fractures parallel to or crossing venous sinuses is a recognized risk factor for traumatic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (tCVST). Despite the recognition of this traumatic pathology in the literature, no consensus regarding management has been achieved. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tCVST on TBI outcomes and related complications. ⋯ Unilateral tCVST follows a benign clinical course without associated increased mortality or morbidity. The management of tCVST should be distinct as compared to spontaneous CVST, likely without the need for anticoagulation.
-
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Jul 2024
Review[Anaesthesiological Management of Traumatic Brain Injury].
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death in people < 45 years in industrial countries. Minimising secondary injury to the injured brain is the primary goal throughout the entire treatment. ⋯ Time management plays a crucial role in ensuring a safe anaesthesiologic environment while minimizing unnecessary procedures. Furthermore, growing medical drug pre-treatment demands for further knowledge e.g., in antagonization of anticoagulation.
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2024
Behavioral interventions can improve brain injury-induced deficits in behavioral flexibility and impulsivity linked to impaired reward-feedback beta oscillations.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects a large population, resulting in severe cognitive impairments. Although cognitive rehabilitation is an accepted treatment for some deficits, studies in patients are limited in ability to probe physiological and behavioral mechanisms. Therefore, animal models are needed to optimize strategies. ⋯ The behavioral intervention improved flexibility and increased OFC activity. Intervention also reduced impulsivity, even after cues were decoupled, which was partially mediated by improvements in timing behavior. The current study established a platform to begin investigating cognitive rehabilitation in rats and identified a strong role for dysfunctional OFC signaling in probabilistic learning after frontal TBI.
-
A 77-year-old man presented with progressive consciousness disturbance, presumably caused by a backward fall. Head computed tomography findings showed a large intracerebral hemorrhage in the left parietal lobe. Radiated fractures with an oval depression of the bilateral parietal bone crossing the midline were noted. ⋯ Biparietal thinning is an uncommon condition noted in radiological findings of a symmetrical oval depression of bilateral parietal bones with reduced diploe thickness. Cases of traumatic brain injury in patients with biparietal thinning have rarely been reported. This condition should be recognized as a possible predisposing factor for traumatic brain injury.