• Takako Miki, Takeshi Kochi, Masafumi Eguchi, Keisuke Kuwahara, Hiroko Tsuruoka, Kayo Kurotani, Rie Ito, Shamima Akter, Ikuko Kashino, Ngoc Minh Pham, Isamu Kabe, Norito Kawakami, Tetsuya Mizoue, and Akiko Nanri.
• Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: Takakomiki-tky@umin.ac.jp.
• Nutrition. 2015 May 1;31(5):686-90.

ObjectiveAlthough intake of minerals has been suggested to be beneficial against depression, epidemiologic data from free-living settings are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the cross-sectional associations between the intake of magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Japanese employees.MethodsParticipants were 1792 men and 214 women ages 19 to 69 y. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated, brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Participants with depressive symptoms were defined as those with a scale score of ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27.8%. Intakes of magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc were inversely associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of having depressive symptoms were 0.63 (0.44-0.91), 0.64 (0.47-0.88), 0.59 (0.40-0.87), and 0.63 (0.45-0.87) in the highest versus lowest tertiles of magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc, respectively.ConclusionResults suggest that higher dietary intake of magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc is associated with lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in Japanese employees.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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