• Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Niloufar Haghshenas, Fatemeh Pouladi, Aliakbar Sayyari, Beheshte Olang, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, Hamed Kord-Varkaneh, and Somaye Fatahi.
• Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• Nutrition. 2021 Mar 1; 83: 111069.

ObjectivesThe aim of this case-control study was to investigate the relationships between carbohydrate consumption, glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), and the risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among adults admitted to an Iranian hospital.MethodsIn this case-control study, we recruited 150 participants with H. pylori infection and 302 healthy participants ages 18 to 55. Dietary GI and GL were assessed using a validated 168-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary GL was calculated as a function of GI, carbohydrate content, and the frequency of intake of certain foods.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, and comparing the highest tertile with the lowest tertile, a significant direct association was observed between the consumption of carbohydrates (odds ratio [OR] = 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-6.96; P for trend = 0.017), GI (OR = 3.70; 95% CI, 2.01-6.81; P for trend < 0.001), GL (OR = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.43-6.54; P for trend = 0.001), the consumption of bread and refined-grain products (OR = 4.24; 95% CI, 2.22-8.11; P for trend < 0.001), and the odds of H. pylori infection (OR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.30-3.79; P for trend = 0.003).ConclusionsOur data suggest that a high dietary GL, high GI, and high consumption of dietary carbohydrates significantly elevate the risk of H. pylori infection. Also, the amount of bread and refined-grain products consumed had a significant positive relationship with H. pylori infection.Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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