• Jose A Canseco, Brian A Karamian, Stephen L DiMaria, Parthik D Patel, Chester J Donnally, Kyle Plusch, Akash Singh, Ryan Nachwalter, Joseph K Lee, Mark F Kurd, D Greg Anderson, Jeffrey A Rihn, Alan S Hilibrand, Christopher K Kepler, Alexander R Vaccaro, and Gregory D Schroeder.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• World Neurosurg. 2021 Sep 1; 153: e349-e358.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between timing of preoperative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) among patients with 1-level to 3-level lumbar fusion.MethodsPatients having undergone a primary 1-level to 3-level lumbar fusion at a single institution were allocated into 5 groups based on the time from preoperative antibiotic administration to incision (group A, 0-15 minutes; group B, 16-30 minutes; group C, 31-45 minutes; group D, 46-60 minutes; and group E, 61+ minutes). Timing of antibiotic administration as a continuous variable was also analyzed. All patients received irrigation with 3 L of normal saline containing bacitracin as well as local administration of vancomycin powder. SSIs were identified by the definition set forth by the 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.ResultsAmong 1131 patients, 27 (2.4%) were found to have an SSI. Compared with patients with antibiotic administration within 0-15 minutes before incision, patients with administration 61+ minutes before incision (group 4) had significantly higher odds of developing an SSI (P < 0.001). Patients had a 1.05-fold higher likelihood of infection for each additional minute delay of administration before incision (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis reported an area under the curve of 0.733 and 0.776 for time as a continuous and categorical variable, respectively. Age (P = 0.02), body mass index (P = 0.03), diabetes mellitus diagnosis (P = 0.04), and type of antibiotic (P = 0.004) were significant predictors of SSI.ConclusionsOur results show that preoperative antibiotic administration beyond 1 hour in patients who have undergone lumbar fusion is associated with higher rates of SSI.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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