• Carolin Fleischmann, André Scherag, Neill K J Adhikari, Christiane S Hartog, Thomas Tsaganos, Peter Schlattmann, Derek C Angus, Konrad Reinhart, and International Forum of Acute Care Trialists.
• 1 Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Feb 1; 193 (3): 259-72.

RationaleReducing the global burden of sepsis, a recognized global health challenge, requires comprehensive data on the incidence and mortality on a global scale.ObjectivesTo estimate the worldwide incidence and mortality of sepsis and identify knowledge gaps based on available evidence from observational studies.MethodsWe systematically searched 15 international citation databases for population-level estimates of sepsis incidence rates and fatality in adult populations using consensus criteria and published in the last 36 years.Measurements And Main ResultsThe search yielded 1,553 reports from 1979 to 2015, of which 45 met our criteria. A total of 27 studies from seven high-income countries provided data for metaanalysis. For these countries, the population incidence rate was 288 (95% confidence interval [CI], 215-386; τ = 0.55) for hospital-treated sepsis cases and 148 (95% CI, 98-226; τ = 0.99) for hospital-treated severe sepsis cases per 100,000 person-years. Restricted to the last decade, the incidence rate was 437 (95% CI, 334-571; τ = 0.38) for sepsis and 270 (95% CI, 176-412; τ = 0.60) for severe sepsis cases per 100,000 person-years. Hospital mortality was 17% for sepsis and 26% for severe sepsis during this period. There were no population-level sepsis incidence estimates from lower-income countries, which limits the prediction of global cases and deaths. However, a tentative extrapolation from high-income country data suggests global estimates of 31.5 million sepsis and 19.4 million severe sepsis cases, with potentially 5.3 million deaths annually.ConclusionsPopulation-level epidemiologic data for sepsis are scarce and nonexistent for low- and middle-income countries. Our analyses underline the urgent need to implement global strategies to measure sepsis morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

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