• Britta M Hinneberg and Mathias Hegele.
• nemoLab - Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany. Electronic address: Britta.M.Hinneberg@sport.uni-giessen.de.
• Neuroscience. 2022 Mar 15; 486: 91-102.

AbstractFeedback on success or failure is critical to increase rewards through behavioral adaptation or learning of dependencies from trial and error. Learning from reward feedback is thereby treated as embedded in a reinforcement learning framework. Due to temporal discounting of reward, learning in this framework is suspected to be vulnerable to feedback delay. Together, investigations of reinforcement learning in learned decision making tasks show that performance and learning impairments due to feedback delay vary as a function of task type. Performance in tasks that require implicit processing is affected by the delayed availability of feedback compared to tasks that can be accomplished with explicit processing. At the same time, the feedback related negativity, an event related potential component in the electroencephalogram that is associated with feedback processing, is affected by feedback delay similarly independent of task type. With the idea of fully implicit or explicit processing as opposite endpoints of a continuum of reciprocal shares of the implicit and explicit processing systems with feedback delay as the determinant of where on this continuum processing can be located, a common explanatory approach of both, behavioral and electrophysiological findings, is suggested.Copyright © 2021 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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