• Andrew K Chan, Vijay Letchuman, Praveen V Mummaneni, John F Burke, Nitin Agarwal, Erica F Bisson, Mohamad Bydon, Kevin T Foley, Christopher I Shaffrey, Steven D Glassman, Michael Y Wang, Paul Park, Eric A Potts, Mark E Shaffrey, Domagoj Coric, John J Knightly, Kai-Ming Fu, Jonathan R Slotkin, Anthony L Asher, Michael S Virk, Panagiotis Kerezoudis, Mohammed A Alvi, Jian Guan, Regis W Haid, and Anthony DiGiorgio.
• Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. Electronic address: andrewchanmd@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2022 Aug 1; 164: e1024-e1033.

BackgroundIt remains unclear how type of insurance coverage affects long-term, spine-specific patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This study sought to elucidate the impact of insurance on clinical outcomes after lumbar spondylolisthesis surgery.MethodsThe prospective Quality Outcomes Database registry was queried for patients with grade 1 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis who underwent single-segment surgery. Twenty-four-month PROs were compared and included Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) back pain, NRS leg pain, EuroQol-5D, and North American Spine Society Satisfaction.ResultsA total of 608 patients undergoing surgery for grade 1 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (mean age, 62.5 ± 11.5 years and 59.2% women) were selected. Insurance types included private insurance (n = 319; 52.5%), Medicare (n = 235; 38.7%), Medicaid (n = 36; 5.9%), and Veterans Affairs (VA)/government (n = 17; 2.8%). One patient (0.2%) was uninsured and was removed from the analyses. Regardless of insurance status, compared to baseline, all 4 cohorts improved significantly regarding ODI, NRS-BP, NRS-LP, and EQ-5D scores (P < 0.001). In adjusted multivariable analyses, compared with patients with private insurance, Medicaid was associated with worse 24-month postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (β = 10.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9-16.5; P = 0.002) and NRS leg pain (β =1.3; 95% CI, 0.3-2.4; P = 0.02). Medicaid was associated with worse EuroQol-5D scores compared with private insurance (β = -0.07; 95% CI -0.01 to -0.14; P = 0.03), but not compared with Medicare and VA/government insurance (P > 0.05). Medicaid was associated with lower odds of reaching ODI minimal clinically important difference (odds ratio, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.03-0.7; P = 0.02) compared with VA/government insurance. NRS back pain and North American Spine Society satisfaction did not differ by insurance coverage (P > 0.05).ConclusionsDespite adjusting for potential confounding variables, Medicaid coverage was independently associated with worse 24-month PROs after lumbar spondylolisthesis surgery compared with other payer types. Although all improved postoperatively, those with Medicaid coverage had relatively inferior improvements.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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