• Kazim Mohammed, Javeed Iqbal, Mohsin Arshad, Ala Saleem Abu-Dayeh, Issam Albozom, Abdulnasser Alyafei, Tarek Ben Zabih, and Sirajeddin Belkhair.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: drkmohd6@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2023 Apr 1; 172: e585e592e585-e592.

BackgroundThough the indications are quite varied, decompressive craniectomy is considered a life-saving procedure. Maximal effectiveness of craniectomy is achieved when, in addition to bone removal, the dura mater is opened properly and is augmented with duraplasty. Different synthetic materials have been used over the decades to replace the dura during decompressive craniectomy. We have used different synthetic dural replacements at our institution, including Neuro-Patch, DuraGen, and Lyoplant. In this case series, we described 4 cases that had excessive granulation tissue formation in response to a newly used synthetic dural substitute (ReDura) after emergent decompressive craniectomy. During follow-up brain imaging at different intervals, these cases were found to have foreign body reaction in the form of excessive granulation tissue formation; additionally, 1 case had a sterile pus-like collection. The granulation tissue diagnosis was affirmed by histopathology in all 4 cases.MethodsThis study was an observational retrograde case series, with data obtained from electronic medical records.ResultsThe study showed extensive foreign body giant cell reactions on preoperative computed tomography scans, indicating a very high occurrence rate of 72.4%, when ReDura was used as dural replacement.ConclusionsOur experience showed that patients are prone to develop severe foreign body giant cell reactions with ReDura. Neurosurgical centers using this material should monitor patients for possible abnormal foreign body reaction and report it to establish the safety and efficacy profile of this material.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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