• Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2008

    Randomized Controlled Trial

    Plethysmographic pulse wave amplitude is an effective indicator for intravascular injection of epinephrine-containing epidural test dose in sevoflurane-anesthetized pediatric patients.

    • Hany A Mowafi, Samer A Arab, Salah A Ismail, Abdulmohsin A Al-Ghamdi, and Roshdi R Al-Metwalli.
    • Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahd University Hospital, PO Box 40081, Al-Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia. hany_mowafi@hotmail.com
    • Anesth. Analg. 2008 Nov 1;107(5):1536-41.

    BackgroundPlethysmographic pulse wave amplitude (PPWA) was effective in detecting intravascular injection of epidural test dose with 100% sensitivity and specificity in adults. We evaluated the efficacy of PPWA in detecting intravascular injection of a simulated epidural test dose during sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients.MethodsEighty infants and children were randomized to receive either 0.5 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) or 1 MAC sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Patients in each anesthesia group were further randomized to receive either 0.1 mL/kg of 1% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (0.5 mug/kg of epinephrine) IV to simulate the intravascular injection of epidural test dose or saline. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and PPWA were monitored for 5 min after injection. A positive test response was defined as HR increase > or =10 bpm, SBP increase > or =15 mm Hg, and PPWA decrease > or =10%.ResultsInjecting the test dose resulted in an average maximum PPWA decrease by 69% +/- 18% and 58% +/- 14% at 79 +/- 22 and 80 +/- 19 s in the 0.5 MAC and 1 MAC sevoflurane groups, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for PPWA were 100% in both sevoflurane groups, whereas by using HR and SBP criteria, the sensitivity was 90% and 95% respectively during 0.5 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia and 85% for both during 1 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia.ConclusionPPWA is effective for detection of an intravascular injection of a simulated epidural epinephrine-containing test dose in pediatric patients.

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