• Pratik Pandharipande, Ayumi Shintani, Josh Peterson, Brenda Truman Pun, Grant R Wilkinson, Robert S Dittus, Gordon R Bernard, and E Wesley Ely.
• Department of Anesthesia/Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. pratik.pandharipande@vanderbilt.edu
• Anesthesiology. 2006 Jan 1;104(1):21-6.

BackgroundDelirium has recently been shown as a predictor of death, increased cost, and longer duration of stay in ventilated patients. Sedative and analgesic medications relieve anxiety and pain but may contribute to patients' transitioning into delirium.MethodsIn this cohort study, the authors designed a priori an investigation to determine whether sedative and analgesic medications independently increased the probability of daily transition to delirium. Markov regression modeling (adjusting for 11 covariates) was used in the evaluation of 198 mechanically ventilated patients to determine the probability of daily transition to delirium as a function of sedative and analgesic dose administration during the previous 24 h.ResultsLorazepam was an independent risk factor for daily transition to delirium (odds ratio, 1.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.4]; P = 0.003), whereas fentanyl, morphine, and propofol were associated with higher but not statistically significant odds ratios. Increasing age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores were also independent predictors of transitioning to delirium (multivariable P values < 0.05).ConclusionsLorazepam administration is an important and potentially modifiable risk factor for transitioning into delirium even after adjusting for relevant covariates.

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