• Jeremy Rowe, Aijaz Khan, Charles Romanowski, Claire Isaac, Sadequate Khan, Richard Mair, Tipu Aziz, and John Yianni.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.
• World Neurosurg. 2016 May 1; 89: 9-18.

BackgroundThe pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a part of the mesencephalic locomotor region and, in recent years, it has been considered a new surgical target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders including atypical parkinsonian syndromes such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy. Involvement of the PPN may play an important role in gait impairment in these disorders and the development of PPN DBS could potentially provide treatment for this disabling problem. However, the role of the PPN and the specific pathways involved in gait control and other motor functions are poorly understood.MethodsWe present a chronological account of our group's experience in the use of PPN DBS. This entails the treatment of four patients with disabling movement disorders who all exhibited either marked damage or disconnection of the nigro-striatal pathway.ResultsWithin our series, the results were variable in that 2 of the 4 patients benefited greatly from DBS but the other 2 did not.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in carefully selected patients, PPN DBS can potentially alleviate symptoms due to dopaminergic striatal inactivity; symptoms that are typically resistant to stimulation of other subcortical targets used for parkinsonian syndromes and movement disorders.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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