• Anesthesiology · Jan 2004

    Comparative Study Clinical Trial

    Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation using a helmet in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study.

    • Massimo Antonelli, Mariano Alberto Pennisi, Paolo Pelosi, Cesare Gregoretti, Vincenzo Squadrone, Monica Rocco, Luca Cecchini, Davide Chiumello, Paolo Severgnini, Rodolfo Proietti, Paolo Navalesi, and Giorgio Conti.
    • Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. m.antonelli@rm.unicatt.it
    • Anesthesiology. 2004 Jan 1;100(1):16-24.

    BackgroundNoninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) with a facemask (FM) is effective in patients with acute exacerbation of their chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Whether it is feasible to treat these patients with NPPV delivered by a helmet is not known.MethodsOver a 4-month period, the authors studied 33 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute exacerbation who were admitted to four intensive care units and treated with helmet NPPV. The patients were compared with 33 historical controls treated with FM NPPV, matched for simplified acute physiologic score (SAPS II), age, PaCO2, pH, and PaO2:fractional inspired oxygen tension. The primary endpoints were the feasibility of the technique, improvement of gas exchange, and need for intubation.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. Ten patients in the helmet group and 14 in the FM group (P = 0.22) were intubated. In the helmet group, no patients were unable to tolerate NPPV, whereas five patients required intubation in the FM group (P = 0.047). After 1 h of treatment, both groups had a significant reduction of PaCO2 with improvement of pH; PaCO2 decreased less in the helmet group (P = 0.01). On discontinuing support, PaCO2 was higher (P = 0.002) and pH lower (P = 0.02) in the helmet group than in the control group. One patient in the helmet group, and 12 in the FM group, developed complications related to NPPV (P < 0.001). Length of intensive care unit stay, intensive care unit, and hospital mortality were similar in both groups.ConclusionsHelmet NPPV is feasible and can be used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute exacerbation, but it does not improve carbon dioxide elimination as efficiently as does FM NPPV.

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