• Carmen L Soto-Rivera, Michael S D Agus, Jaclyn E Sawyer, and Duncan J Macrae.
• 1Divisions of Endocrinology and Medicine Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 2Division of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH. 3Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2016 Mar 1; 17 (3 Suppl 1): S59-68.

ObjectiveTo provide an overview of the current literature on the use of hormone replacement therapies in pediatric cardiac critical care.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched using keywords relevant to the hormonal therapy, with no limits on language but restricting the search to children 0-18 years old.Study SelectionAll clinical studies believed to have relevance were considered. Where studies in children were sparse, additional evidence was sought from adult studies.Data ExtractionAll relevant studies were reviewed, and the most relevant data were incorporated in this review.Data SynthesisAll authors of this review contributed to the appraisal of the data extracted. Challenges and revisions by the authors were conducted by group e-mail debate.ConclusionsGlycemic control: although it is likely that some children could benefit, the routine use of tight glycemic control cannot be recommended in children after cardiac surgery. Thyroid hormone replacement: routine use of thyroid hormone replacement to normalize levels after cardiac surgery cannot be recommended on current evidence. Until further evidence from adequately powered studies is available, therapeutic decisions should be based on individual patient circumstances. Corticosteroids: 1) cardiopulmonary bypass: although studies seem to favor steroid administration during surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, a large randomized controlled trial is required before strong recommendations can be made; 2) refractory hypotension: the evidence for the use of steroid replacement in refractory hypotension is poor, and no firm recommendations can be made; and 3) abnormal adrenal function after cardiac surgery: there is inadequate evidence on which to make recommendations on the use of corticosteroid replacement in children with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency in children following cardiac surgery.

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