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Journal of anesthesia · Aug 2017
The impact of body mass index on the risk of high spinal block in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study.
- Agnes M Lamon, Lisa M Einhorn, Mary Cooter, and Ashraf S Habib.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- J Anesth. 2017 Aug 1; 31 (4): 552-558.
PurposeTo investigate the hypothesis that the risk of high spinal block is not increased in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery compared to non-obese parturients.MethodsThis is a retrospective study at an academic center. We searched the perioperative database for women who underwent cesarean delivery under spinal or combined spinal epidural anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine ≥10.5 mg. A body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 was defined as obese. We categorized obesity into: obesity class I (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m2), obesity class II (BMI = 35-39.9 kg/m2), obesity class III (BMI = 40-49.9 kg/m2), and super obese (BMI ≥50 kg/m2). The primary outcome was high spinal block defined as need to convert to general anesthesia within 20 min of spinal placement as a result of altered mental status, weakness, or respiratory distress resulting from the high block, or a recorded block height ≥T1.ResultsThe analysis included 5015 women. High spinal blocks occurred in 29 patients (0.6%). The risk of high spinal was significantly different according to BMI (p = 0.025). In a multivariate model, BMI (p = 0.008) and cesarean delivery priority (p = 0.009) were associated with high blocks. BMI ≥50 kg/m2 was associated with greater odds of high block compared to BMI <30 kg/m2 [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 6.3 (2.2, 18.5)]. Scheduled cesarean delivery was also associated with greater odds of high block compared with unscheduled delivery.ConclusionsAt standard spinal doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine used in our practice (≥10.5 mg), there were greater odds of high block in those with BMI ≥50 kg/m2.
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