• Elena Lorenzi, Uwe Mayer, Orsola Rosa-Salva, and Giorgio Vallortigara.
• Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto (TN), Italy. Electronic address: elena.lorenzi@unitn.it.
• Neuroscience. 2017 Jun 23; 354: 54-68.

AbstractThe septum is an evolutionarily well-conserved part of the limbic system. It is known to be involved in many aspects of social behavior and is considered a key node of the social behavior network, together with the preoptic area. Involvement of these two brain regions has been recently observed in newly hatched chicks exposed to the natural motion of a living conspecific. However, it is unknown whether these areas respond also to simple motion cues that elicit animacy perception in humans and social predispositions in chicks. For example, naïve chicks are attracted by visual objects that appear to spontaneously change their speed (an index of self-propulsion, typical of animate creatures). Here we show that the right septum and the preoptic area of newly hatched visually naïve chicks exposed to speed changes have higher neuronal activity (revealed by c-Fos expression), compared with that of chicks exposed to constant motion. We thus found an involvement of these two areas in the perception of motion cues associated with animacy in newly hatched chicks without any previous visual experience. This demonstrates their early involvement in processing simple motion cues that allow the detection of animate creatures and elicit social predispositions in this animal model, as well as preferential attention in human infants and the perception of animacy in human adults.Copyright © 2017 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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