• Parameswaran Nair, Sally Wenzel, Klaus F Rabe, Arnaud Bourdin, Njira L Lugogo, Piotr Kuna, Peter Barker, Stephanie Sproule, Sandhia Ponnarambil, Mitchell Goldman, and ZONDA Trial Investigators.
• From McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada (P.N.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (S.W.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf and Department of Medicine, Airway Research Center North of the German Center for Lung Research, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany (K.F.R.); Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM Unité 1046, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 9214, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (A.B.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (N.L.L.); Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (P.K.); AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD (P.B., S.S., M.G.); and AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.P.).
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2017 Jun 22; 376 (25): 2448-2458.

BackgroundMany patients with severe asthma rely on oral glucocorticoids to manage their disease. We investigated whether benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha subunit of the interleukin-5 receptor that significantly reduces the incidence of asthma exacerbations, was also effective as an oral glucocorticoid-sparing therapy in patients relying on oral glucocorticoids to manage severe asthma associated with eosinophilia.MethodsIn a 28-week randomized, controlled trial, we assessed the effects of benralizumab (at a dose of 30 mg administered subcutaneously either every 4 weeks or every 8 weeks [with the first three doses administered every 4 weeks]) versus placebo on the reduction in the oral glucocorticoid dose while asthma control was maintained in adult patients with severe asthma. The primary end point was the percentage change in the oral glucocorticoid dose from baseline to week 28. Annual asthma exacerbation rates, lung function, symptoms, and safety were assessed.ResultsOf 369 patients enrolled, 220 underwent randomization and started receiving benralizumab or placebo. The two benralizumab dosing regimens significantly reduced the median final oral glucocorticoid doses from baseline by 75%, as compared with a reduction of 25% in the oral glucocorticoid doses in the placebo group (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The odds of a reduction in the oral glucocorticoid dose were more than 4 times as high with benralizumab as with placebo. Among the secondary outcomes, benralizumab administered every 4 weeks resulted in an annual exacerbation rate that was 55% lower than the rate with placebo (marginal rate, 0.83 vs. 1.83, P=0.003), and benralizumab administered every 8 weeks resulted in an annual exacerbation rate that was 70% lower than the rate with placebo (marginal rate, 0.54 vs. 1.83, P<0.001). At 28 weeks, there was no significant effect of either benralizumab regimen on the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), as compared with placebo. The effects on various measures of asthma symptoms were mixed, with some showing significant changes in favor of benralizumab and others not showing significant changes. Frequencies of adverse events were similar between each benralizumab group and the placebo group.ConclusionsBenralizumab showed significant, clinically relevant benefits, as compared with placebo, on oral glucocorticoid use and exacerbation rates. These effects occurred without a sustained effect on the FEV1. (Funded by AstraZeneca; ZONDA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02075255 .).

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