• Babak Moeini, Hadi Zamanian, Zahra Taheri-Kharameh, Tahereh Ramezani, Mohamadhasan Saati-Asr, Mohamadhasan Hajrahimian, and Mohammadali Amini-Tehrani.
• Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of public health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017 Aug 30.

ContextSpirituality plays an important role in coping with chronic diseases for patients and they often report unmet spiritual and existential needs, which should be considered for a holistic view of their health. Studying spiritual needs in this generation requires culturally appropriate and valid instruments. The aim of this study is to determine the psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Persian version of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ).MethodsThe 'forward-backward' procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran. The validity was assessed using content, face, and construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha and test-retest were used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire.ResultsThe results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor solution for the questionnaire, which included religious needs, existential needs, forgiveness/gTel: 982532944710enerativity needs, need for inner peace, and emotional needs. These accounted for 60.1% of the total observed variance. One item was removed (factor loading<0.4). Convergent validity was supported mostly by the pattern of association between SpNQ-PV and the spiritual well-being scale. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.56-0.78 and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.72-0.91, which indicated an acceptable range of reliability.ConclusionThe SpNQ-PV showed a minor difference in structuring and indicated good psychometric properties, which can be used to assess the spiritual needs of Iranian elders suffering from chronic diseases.Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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