• Jeannie F Bailey, Aaron J Fields, Alex Ballatori, Danielle Cohen, Deeptee Jain, Dezba Coughlin, Conor O'Neill, Zachary McCormick, Misung Han, Roland Krug, Sibel Demir-Deviren, and Jeffrey C Lotz.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
• Spine. 2019 Jul 15; 44 (14): 1010-1017.

Study DesignCross-sectional cohort study of chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and matched controls.ObjectiveTo explore the interplay between vertebral endplate damage and adjacent paraspinal muscle (PSM) quality, and to test their association in a cohort of patients with CLBP and matched controls.Summary Of Background DataNonspecific CLBP is challenging to diagnose, in part, due to uncertainty regarding the source of pain. Delineating interactions among potential CLBP mechanisms may enhance diagnosis and treatment customization.MethodsWe collected advanced MRI imaging on 52 adult subjects, including 38 CLBP patients and 14 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic control subjects. Mean multifidus and erector spinae fat fraction (FF) was measured throughout the spine using an IDEAL MRI sequence. Presence of cartilage endplate (CEP) defects was determined at each disc level using UTE MRI. Logistic regression was used to test association of PSM FF, CEP defects, modic changes (MC), disc degeneration, and their interplay.ResultsWe observed that CEP defects were the strongest predictor of nonspecific CLBP (OR: 14.1, P < 0.01) even after adjusting for MC and disc degeneration (OR: 26.1, P = 0.04). PSM quality did not independently distinguish patient and control groups, except for patients with high self-reported disability.At specifically L4L5, CEP damage was most prevalent and CEP damage was significantly associated with CLBP (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.2-21.5, P = 0.03). CEP damage at L4L5 was predictive of CLBP when adjacent to PSMs with greater FF (MF, OR 14.7, P = 0.04; ES, OR: 17.3, P = 0.03), but not when PSM FF was lower and comparable to values in control, asymptomatic subjects.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the clinically important reciprocity between passive and dynamic spinal stabilizers, and support the notion that therapies targeting the PSMs may provide clinical benefit even in the presence of other spinal pathologies.Level Of Evidence4.

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