• Mari Paz Serrano-Regal, Irene Luengas-Escuza, Laura Bayón-Cordero, Naroa Ibarra-Aizpurua, Elena Alberdi, Alberto Pérez-Samartín, Carlos Matute, and María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez.
• Deparment of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain.
• Neuroscience. 2020 Jul 15; 439: 163-180.

AbstractDifferentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a key event for axonal myelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Several growth factors and neurotransmitters like GABA are postulated as important regulators of that process, and different protein kinases may also participate in OL differentiation and myelination. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of myelination by neurotransmitters are only partially known. In the present study, we provide evidence showing that GABA receptors (GABARs) play an important role in OL differentiation. First, we observed that OPCs and OLs synthesize GABA and expressed GABAR and transporters, both in vitro and in vivo and, in contrast to GABAARs, the subunits GABAB1R and GABAB2R are expressed in OLs over time. Then, we found that exogenous GABA increases the number of myelin segments and MBP expression in DRG-OPC cocultures, indicating that GABA regulates myelination when OLs are in contact with axons. Notably, in purified rat OPC cultures, chronic treatment with GABA and baclofen, specific GABABR agonist, accelerates OPC differentiation by enhancing the processes branching and myelin protein expression, effects that are reverted in presence of GABABR specific antagonist CGP55845. Exposure of OPCs to baclofen promotes the Src-phosphorylation, and the baclofen-induced maturation is attenuated in presence of the Src-family kinases inhibitor PP2. None of these effects are mediated by the GABAAR agonist muscimol. Together, these results highlight the relevance of the GABAergic system in OL differentiation, and indicate that this functional role is mediated through GABABR involving the participation of Src-family kinases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Honoring Ricardo Miledi - outstanding neuroscientist of XX-XXI centuries.Copyright © 2019 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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