• Stella Blasel, Andrea Zagorcic, Alina Jurcoane, Oliver Bähr, Marlies Wagner, Patrick N Harter, and Elke Hattingen.
• Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
• J Neuroimaging. 2016 Jan 1; 26 (1): 116-23.

PurposeTreatment-related changes (TRC) often imitate tumor progression in glioblastomas. Increased regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) can differentiate tumor progression from TRC after the standardized first-line radiochemotherapy, but information about diagnostic accuracy of rCBV for patients without any clinical selection criteria is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate if rCBV can differentiate between TRC and tumor progression irrespective of preceding therapies and number of tumor progressions.MethodsWe analyzed mean and maximum rCBV from the enhancing areas normalized to the contralateral white matter in 44 pretreated glioblastomas with MR-morphological tumor progression. The diagnosis (real progression vs. TRC) was determined by histopathology or by clinical/MRI-follow-up. We performed nonparametric tests, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsSignificant differences between tumor progression (N = 37) and TRC (N = 7) were found for rCBVmean (2.44 ± 1.05 vs. 1.69 ± .56, P < .03) and rCBVmax (3.40 ± 1.25 vs. 2.21 ± .62, P < .0007). A rCBVmax of 2.6 had 78% sensitivity and 86% specificity to detect tumor progression. Neither rCBVmean nor rCBVmax was predictive for the patient overall survival (OS). There were no statistically different rCBVmean and rCBVmax between the first and further tumor progressions.ConclusionsThe rCBVmax differentiates tumor progression from TRC in unselected recurrent glioblastomas, but it is not predictive for the OS.Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Neuroimaging.

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