• Farrokh Farrokhi, Quinlan D Buchlak, Matt Sikora, Nazanin Esmaili, Maria Marsans, Pamela McLeod, Jamie Mark, Emily Cox, Christine Bennett, and Jonathan Carlson.
• Neuroscience Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
• World Neurosurg. 2020 Feb 1; 134: e325-e338.

BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is an option for patients experiencing medically resistant neurologic symptoms. DBS complications are rare; finding significant predictors requires a large number of surgeries. Machine learning algorithms may be used to effectively predict these outcomes. The aims of this study were to 1) investigate preoperative clinical risk factors and 2) build machine learning models to predict adverse outcomes.MethodsThis multicenter registry collected clinical and demographic characteristics of patients undergoing DBS surgery (n = 501) and tabulated occurrence of complications. Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors. Supervised learning algorithms were trained and validated on 70% and 30%, respectively, of both oversampled and original registry data. Performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.ResultsLogistic regression showed that the risk of complication was related to the operating institution in which the surgery was performed (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44, confidence interval [CI] = 0.25-0.78), body mass index (OR = 0.94, CI = 0.89-0.99), and diabetes (OR = 2.33, CI = 1.18-4.60). Patients with diabetes were almost 3× more likely to return to the operating room (OR = 2.78, CI = 1.31-5.88). Patients with a history of smoking were 4× more likely to experience postoperative infection (OR = 4.20, CI = 1.21-14.61). Supervised learning algorithms demonstrated high discrimination performance when predicting any complication (AUC = 0.86), a complication within 12 months (AUC = 0.91), return to the operating room (AUC = 0.88), and infection (AUC = 0.97). Age, body mass index, procedure side, gender, and a diagnosis of Parkinson disease were influential features.ConclusionsMultiple significant complication risk factors were identified, and supervised learning algorithms effectively predicted adverse outcomes in DBS surgery.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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