Odontology
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The influence of the acuteness of the model angle and the direction of printing was investigated on different three-dimensional (3D) printers to understand the fidelity of 3D printing. A Polyjet printer and two fused deposition modeling printers were used in the present study. Computer-aided design (CAD) models were designed in the form of a triangular prism with a height of 15 mm and with varying angles of 60°, 45°, 30°, 20°, 10°, and 5°. ⋯ To investigate the global fidelity of the 3D printers, the height and surface outlines of the AM model cross sections were measured. The fidelity of the AM models with increasingly acute angles was not accurately reproduced when 3D printed, and the surface outlines of the AM model cross sections were different in each direction of printing for each device. Printing technology and printing direction need to be considered if accurate reproduction of acute angles in fine AM structures in medical models is a necessity.
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Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (DEX) is a α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that causes vasoconstriction by acting on α2B-adrenergic receptors in peripheral blood vessels. The authors aimed to determine the influence of DEX on tissue distribution, anesthetic action, and hemodynamic effects of lidocaine in rats. The investigators injected indigo carmine-containing (14)C-labeled lidocaine hydrochloride (2 %) without and with 3.1, 12.5, or 50 μg/mL DEX or 10 μg/mL epinephrine into the right palatal mucosa mesial to the maxillary first molar of specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats. ⋯ Lidocaine with 12.5 μg/mL DEX had similar blood peak arrival time and peak-to-peak amplitude as lidocaine with 10 μg/mL epinephrine, but it reduced pulse rate. The results of this study suggest that 12.5 μg/mL DEX improves tissue distribution, anesthetic action, and hemodynamic effects of lidocaine in rats. Therefore, 12.5 μg/mL DEX may be a suitable alternative to epinephrine in lidocaine formulations, especially for patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension.
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The development of new orally administered anticoagulants, such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, in the past few years has focused on avoiding some of the drawbacks associated with warfarin. This work aims to illustrate the main features of the most commonly used new oral anticoagulants, reviewing the current literature on the management of patients taking these drugs and needing oral and implant surgery, and discussing the currently proposed related guidelines.
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Miller's is the most commonly used classification of gingival tissue recessions, defined as the displacement of the soft tissue margin apical to the cemento-enamel junction. However, data on the reliability of this classification are missing so far, although reliability, which reflects the consistency of repeated measurements, is regarded as a prerequisite for judging the utility of a classification. The aim of the present study was to evaluate inter- and intra-observer agreement on Miller's classification of gingival tissue recessions. ⋯ Further, gingival phenotype (thin-high scalloping) significantly correlated with tooth shape (long-narrow) (ρ = 0.662, p < 0.001). Miller's classification of gingival tissue recessions was evaluated by four examiners using 200 clinical photographs and yielded substantial to almost perfect agreement, with higher agreement for anterior teeth. Although limited to photographic assessment, the present study offers the so far missing proof on the sufficient inter- and intra-observer agreement of this classification.