Clinical physiology and functional imaging
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Nov 2016
Review Meta AnalysisNear infrared spectroscopy for frontal lobe oxygenation during non-vascular abdominal surgery.
Cerebral deoxygenation, as determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), seems to predict postoperative complications following cardiac surgery. We identify the type of non-vascular abdominal surgery associated with cerebral deoxygenation and/or hyperoxygenation, how such deviations affect patient outcome, and whether maintained cerebral oxygenation improves outcome. ⋯ NIRS seems important for predicting neurological complications associated with LTx. Also, surgery in reverse Trendelenburg's position and in other types of abdominal surgery about one-fourth of the patients are subjected to episodes of cerebral deoxygenation that seems to predict a poor outcome. Although there are currently only few studies available for patients going through abdominal surgery, the available evidence points to that it is an advantage to maintain the NIRS-determined cerebral oxygenation.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Sep 2011
Review Historical ArticleAn assessment of pulmonary function testing and ventilatory kinematics by optoelectronic plethysmography.
New advances in computer processing and imaging have allowed the development of innovative techniques to assess lung function. A promising methodology is optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP). ⋯ Currently, this system is used mainly in research settings, but in the future may have broad applicability to patient populations such as very young children, patients with neuromuscular disease and patients who cannot be tested with classical spirometry testing. This paper presents the history and development of OEP, along with a summary of the OEP methodology, a discussion of research findings and results to date, as well as application and limitations.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Mar 2011
ReviewCerebrovascular pathophysiology following mild traumatic brain injury.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or sport-induced concussion has recently become a prominent concern not only in the athletic setting (i.e. sports venue) but also in the general population. The majority of research to date has aimed at understanding the neurological and neuropsychological outcomes of injury as well as return-to-play guidelines. Remaining relatively unexamined has been the pathophysiological aspect of mTBI. ⋯ In this review, we focus on the current research available from both human and experimental (animal) studies surrounding the pathophysiology of mTBI. First, the quest for a unified definition of mTBI, its historical development and implications for future research is discussed. Finally, the impact of mTBI on the control and regulation of cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral oxygenation and neuroautonomic cardiovascular regulation, all of which may be compromised with mTBI, is discussed.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Mar 2007
ReviewLung protective ventilatory strategies in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: from experimental findings to clinical application.
This review addresses the physiological background and the current status of evidence regarding ventilator-induced lung injury and lung protective strategies. Lung protective ventilatory strategies have been shown to reduce mortality from adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ⋯ We describe a rational strategy, the open lung strategy, to accomplish an open lung, which may further prevent injury caused by mechanical ventilation. Finally, the clinician is offered directions on lung protective ventilation in the early phase of ARDS which can be applied on the intensive care unit.